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Ubiquitylation of Pol II controls early stages of the transcription cycle [dxChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: Control of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) through ubiquitylation is essential for the DNA-damage response. Here we reveal a distinct ubiquitylation pathway in human cells that targets excessive and defective Pol II molecules at the initial stages of the transcription cycle. This pathway, mediated by ARMC5CUL3 ubiquitin ligase, drives homeostatic Pol II turnover, and is further enhanced when early stages of transcription - initiation and pausing - are perturbed. Upon ARMC5 loss, Pol II accumulates in the free pool and in the promoter-proximal zone, but is not permitted into elongation. We identify Integrator subunit 8 (INTS8) as a gatekeeper preventing the release of excess Pol II molecules into gene bodies. Combined loss of ARMC5 and INTS8 has strong detrimental effects on cell growth, with ARMC5 loss exacerbating transcriptional defects seen in INTS8-depleted cells. These findings uncover that ARMC5CUL3 and INTS8 form a collaborative checkpoint, monitoring the quantity and quality of transcription complexes before they are licensed into elongation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE276375 | GEO | 2024/09/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Ubiquitylation of Pol II controls early stages of the transcription cycle [TT-seq]

Project description:Control of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) through ubiquitylation is essential for the DNA-damage response. Here we reveal a distinct ubiquitylation pathway in human cells that targets excessive and defective Pol II molecules at the initial stages of the transcription cycle. This pathway, mediated by ARMC5CUL3 ubiquitin ligase, drives homeostatic Pol II turnover, and is further enhanced when early stages of transcription - initiation and pausing - are perturbed. Upon ARMC5 loss, Pol II accumulates in the free pool and in the promoter-proximal zone, but is not permitted into elongation. We identify Integrator subunit 8 (INTS8) as a gatekeeper preventing the release of excess Pol II molecules into gene bodies. Combined loss of ARMC5 and INTS8 has strong detrimental effects on cell growth, with ARMC5 loss exacerbating transcriptional defects seen in INTS8-depleted cells. These findings uncover that ARMC5CUL3 and INTS8 form a collaborative checkpoint, monitoring the quantity and quality of transcription complexes before they are licensed into elongation.

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Ubiquitylation of Pol II controls early stages of the transcription cycle [ChIP-seq]

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ARMC5-mediated degradation of RNA polymerase II as a last resort in the promoter-proximal pausing checkpoint [PRO-seq]

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ARMC5 controls the degradation of most Pol II subunits, and ARMC5 mutation increases neural tube defect risks in mice and humans

2023-12-06 | PXD047533 | Pride

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RPB1 ChIP-Seq of adrenal glands tissue from Wild Type (WT) and Armc5 knockout mice

Project description:RPB1-specific ubiquitin ligase (E3) controls the degradation of this largest subunit of Pol II and consequently the Pol II pool size. Although several RPB1-specific E3s have been documented, their function is only revealed in cells with massive DNA damage. We demonstrated that ARMC5 physically interacted with cullin3 (CUL3) and RPB1. ARMC5 is an armadillo domain-containing protein with unknown mechanisms of action. ARMC5 deletion caused significant RPB1 accumulation in all the major organs under a physiological condition in the absence of artificially induced DNA damage. This is accompanied by reduced RPB1 ubiquitination. In vitro ubiquitination assay proved that ARMC5, CUL3, and RBX1 formed an effective E3 for RPB1. RPB1 was confirmed as being highly accumulated in the adrenal gland nodules from PBMAH patients with mutations in the ARMC5 coding sequence. Surprisingly, the compromised RPB1 degradation did not lead to increased Pol II stalling according to ChIP-Seq, or a general decrease of gene transcription according to RNA-seq. On the contrary, among 1486 differentially expressed genes in the KO adrenal glands, 93.5% of them were upregulated, probably due to the enlarged Pol II pool size. Our results showed that the ARMC3-CUL3 E3 was the dominant E3 in normal cells and organs and controlled Pol II pool size. The abnormally large Pol II pool size due to ARMC5 mutation dysregulated a large number of genes that in turn led to many phenotypes, including PBMAH in humans.

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