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Genomic reconstruction of Galápagos dog history reveals strategies for management of an invasive species

ABSTRACT: Free-breeding dogs have occupied the Galápagos islands at least since the 1830s, however, it was not until the 1900s that dog populations grew substantially, endangering wildlife and spreading disease. In 1981, authorities sanctioned the culling of free-roaming dogs. Yet there are currently large free-roaming dog populations of unknown ancestry on the islands of Isabela and Santa Cruz, whose ancestry has never been assessed on a genome-wide scale. Thus, we performed a complete genomic analysis of the current Galápagos dog population as well as historical Galápagos dogs sampled between 1969 and 2003, testing for population structure, admixture, and shared ancestry. Our dataset included samples from 187 modern and six historical Galápagos dogs, together with whole genome sequence from over 2,000 modern purebred and village dogs. Our results indicate that modern Galápagos dogs are recently admixed with purebred dogs but show no evidence of a population bottleneck related to the culling. Additionally, IBD analyses reveal evidence of shared shepherd-dog ancestry in the historical Galápagos dogs. Overall, our results demonstrate that the 1980s culling of dogs was ineffective in controlling population size and did little to reduce genetic diversity, instead producing a stable and expanding population with genomic signatures of historical dogs remaining today. The insights from this study can be used to improve population control strategies for the Galápagos Islands and other endangered endemic communities worldwide.

ORGANISM(S): Canis lupus familiaris

PROVIDER: GSE276576 | GEO | 2024/10/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Shigui Ruan. Modeling the transmission dynamics and control of rabies in China. Mathematical Biosciences 286 (2017). Human rabies was first recorded in ancient China in about 556 BC and is still one of the major public-health problems in China. From 1950 to 2015, 130,494 human rabies cases were reported in Mainland China with an average of 1977 cases per year. It is estimated that 95% of these human rabies cases are due to dog bites. The purpose of this article is to provide a review about the models, results, and simulations that we have obtained recently on studying the transmission of rabies in China. We first construct a basic susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered (SEIR) type model for the spread of rabies virus among dogs and from dogs to humans and use the model to simulate the human rabies data in China from 1996 to 2010. Then we modify the basic model by including both domestic and stray dogs and apply the model to simulate the human rabies data from Guangdong Province, China. To study the seasonality of rabies, in Section 4 we further propose a SEIR model with periodic transmission rates and employ the model to simulate the monthly data of human rabies cases reported by the Chinese Ministry of Health from January 2004 to December 2010. To understand the spatial spread of rabies, in Section 5 we add diffusion to the dog population in the basic SEIR model to obtain a reaction-diffusion equation model and determine the minimum wave speed connecting the disease-free equilibrium to the endemic equilibrium. Finally, in order to investigate how the movement of dogs affects the geographically inter-provincial spread of rabies in Mainland China, in Section 6 we propose a multi-patch model to describe the transmission dynamics of rabies between dogs and humans and use the two-patch submodel to investigate the rabies virus clades lineages and to simulate the human rabies data from Guizhou and Guangxi, Hebei and Fujian, and Sichuan and Shaanxi, respectively. Some discussions are provided in Section 7.

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Genomic reconstruction of Galápagos dog history reveals strategies for management of an invasive species

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