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Ezetimibe derivative L14-8 suppresses advanced prostate cancer by activating PLK1/TP53-SAT1-induced ferroptosis

ABSTRACT: Androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have demonstrated a survival benefit in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, patients taking these agents inevitably acquire resistance and even develop neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), in which stage, the AR signaling is inactive, and therapies are limited for these lethal cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel treatments to improve patient outcomes. Here we report that L14-8, a small molecule derived and optimized from ezetimibe, significantly suppressed prostate cancer growth by inducing ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo without obvious toxicity. Further mechanism studies demonstrate that L14-8 bound to and enhanced the stability of PLK1 and promoted the phosphorylation and expression of TP53, which enhanced its enrichment at the promoter of SAT1, a ferroptosis inducer, and increased its transcriptional activity. Overall, our studies developed a novel anti-tumor agent for treating lethal prostate cancer in an AR-independent manner and provided mechanistic insights into its action by targeting the PLK1-mediated TP53-SAT1 axis-induced ferroptosis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE276906 | GEO | 2024/09/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Characterization of the prostate cancer transcriptome and genome has identified chromosomal rearrangements and copy number gains/losses, including ETS gene fusions, PTEN loss and androgen receptor (AR) amplification, that drive prostate cancer development and progression to lethal, metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)1. As less is known about the role of mutations2-4, here we sequenced the exomes of 50 lethal, heavily-pretreated metastatic CRPCs obtained at rapid autopsy (including three different foci from the same patient) and 11 treatment naïve, high-grade localized prostate cancers. We identified low overall mutation rates even in heavily treated CRPC (2.00/Mb) and confirmed the monoclonal origin of lethal CRPC. Integrating exome copy number analysis identified disruptions of CHD1, which define a subtype of ETS? prostate cancer. Similarly, we demonstrate that ETS2, which is deleted in ~1/3 of CRPCs (commonly through TMPRSS2:ERG fusions), is a prostate cancer tumor suppressor that can also be deregulated through mutation. Further, we identified recurrent mutations in multiple chromatin/histone modifying genes, including MLL2 (mutated in 8.6% of prostate cancers), and demonstrate interaction of the MLL complex with AR, which is required for AR mediated signaling. We also identified novel recurrent mutations in the AR collaborating factor FOXA1, which is mutated in 5 of 147 (3.4%) prostate cancers (both untreated localized prostate cancer and CRPC) , and showed that mutated FOXA1 represses androgen signaling and increases tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Proteins that physically interact with AR, such as the ERG gene fusion product, FOXA1, MLL2, UTX, and ASXL1 were found to be mutated in CRPC, suggesting novel drivers of prostate cancer progression and potential resistance mechanisms to anti-androgen therapies. In summary, we describe the mutational landscape of a heavily treated metastatic cancer, identify novel mechanisms of AR signaling deregulated in prostate cancer, and prioritize candidates for future study. Gene expression profiling and array CGH (aCGH) was performed on matched benign prostate tissues (n=28), localized prostate cancer (n=59), and metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC, n=35). For gene expression profiling, frozen prostate tissue samples (channel 2), were hybridized against a commercial pool of benign prostate tissue (Clontech, channel 1). For aCGH, frozen prostate tissue samples (channel 2) were hybridized against a commerical sample of Human Male Genomic DNA (Promega, channel 1).

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Ezetimibe derivative L14-8 suppresses advanced prostate cancer by activating PLK1/TP53-SAT1-induced ferroptosis

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