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Contrasting the development of larval and adult body plans during the evolution of biphasic lifecycles in sea urchins

ABSTRACT: Sea urchins are a unique system for studying developmental transistions because of the stark differences between their bilateral larval and pentaradial adult body plans. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing to analyze the development of Heliocidaris erythrogramma (He), a sea urchin species with an accelerated, non-feeding mode of larval development. The sequencing time course extends from early embryogenesis to roughly a day before the onset of metamorphosis in He larvae, which is a period that has not been covered by previous datasets. We find that the non-feeding developmental strategy of He is associated with several changes in the specification of larval cell types compared to sea urchins with feeding larvae, such as the loss of a larva-specific skeletal cell population. Furthermore, the development of the larval and adult body plans in sea urchins may utilize largely different sets of regulatory genes. These findings lay the groundwork for extending existing developmental gene regulatory networks to cover additional stages of biphasic lifecycles.

ORGANISM(S): Heliocidaris erythrogramma

PROVIDER: GSE277518 | GEO | 2024/09/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Comparative genomics of the sea urchin P. lividus highlights contrasting trends of genome and regulatory evolution in deuterostomes

Project description:Sea urchins are emblematic marine animals with a rich fossil record and represent instrumental models for developmental biology. As echinoderms, sea urchins display several characteristics that set them apart from other deuterostomes such as their highly regulative embryonic development and their unique pentaradial adult body plan. To determine whether these characteristics are linked to particular genomic rearrangement or gene regulatory rewiring, we introduce a chromosome-scale genome assembly for sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as well as extensive transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling during its embryonic development. We found that sea urchins show opposite modalities of genome evolution as compared to those of vertebrates: they retained ancestral chromosomal linkages that otherwise underwent mixing in vertebrates, while their intrachromosomal gene order has evolved much faster between sea urchin species that split 60 Myr ago than it did in vertebrates. We further assessed the conservation of the cis-regulatory program between sea urchins and chordates and identified conserved modules despite the developmental and body plan differences. We documented regulatory events underlying processes like zygotic genome activation and transition to larval stage in sea urchins. We also identified a burst of gene duplication in the echinoid lineage and showed that some of these expanded genes are involved in organismal novelties, such as Aristotle's lantern, tube feet, or in the specification of lineages through for instance the pmar1 and pop genes. Altogether, our results suggest that gene regulatory networks controlling development can be conserved despite extensive gene order rearrangement.

2023-02-09 | GSE202034 | GEO

Insights into deuterostome evolution from the biphasic transcriptional programmes of hemichordates [ATAC-Seq]

Project description:Evolutionary history of deuterostomes has remained unsolved and is intimately related to how chordates originated. Within the clade of deuterostomes, hemichordates and echinoderms (together called Ambulacraria) are sister groups of chordates; comparative studies among the three are insightful for understanding deuterostome evolution. Indirect-developing hemichordates, such as Ptychodera flava, develop into planktonic larvae, which are morphologically similar to echinoderm larvae, before metamorphosing into the adult body plan that retains an anteroposterior polarity homologous to that of chordates. Therefore, deciphering developmental programmes of indirect-developing hemichordates may provide a key for understanding the evolution of deuterostomes and chordate origins. Here, we characterise transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility across multiple developmental stages of P. flava and uncover biphasic developmental programmes controlled by different sets of transcription factors and their corresponding cis-regulatory elements. Transcriptome age and network analyses reveal that the gastrula transcriptome is relatively ancient and highly connected. By comparing developmental transcriptomes of hemichordate, sea urchin and amphioxus, a high conservation of gene expression during gastrulation is identified and extended to neurula stages of amphioxus, in addition to the highly similar larval transcriptomes among the three species. Moreover, P. flava possesses conserved interactions of transcription factors required for the development of echinoderm endomesoderm and chordate axial mesoderm. These results suggest a deuterostome phylotypic stage during gastrulation (corresponding to amphioxus gastrulation and neurulation) controlled by gene regulatory networks with conserved cis-regulatory interactions, and support the hypothesis that the deuterostome ancestor is an indirect-developer.

2024-07-31 | GSE207833 | GEO

Insights into deuterostome evolution from the biphasic transcriptional programmes of hemichordates [RNA-Seq]

2024-07-31 | GSE207834 | GEO

A New Model Organism to Investigate Extraocular Photoreception: Opsin and Retinal Gene Expression in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Project description:Sea urchins lack proper eye organs but are photosensitive. In this study, we investigate an extraocular photoreceptor cell (PRC) system in developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.

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2022-06-28 | GSE207100 | GEO

Spatial transcriptomics reveals a conserved segment polarity program that governs muscle patterning in Nematostella vectensis

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Transcriptional responses underlying the hormetic and detrimental effects of gossypol on Helicoverpa armigera

Project description:Gut and rest of body tissue from fifth instar larvae which fed for three days a diet containing different doses of gossypol. Transcriptional profiling comparing gut and rest of body samples for three gossypol concentrations (0%, 0.016%-hormetic dose & 0.16%-detrimental dose). Hormesis is a biphasic biological response characterized by the stimulatory effect at relatively low amounts of chemical compounds otherwise known to be detrimental at higher concentrations. A hormetic response in larval growth rates has been observed in cotton-feeding insects in response to increasing concentrations of gossypol, a toxic metabolite found in the pigment glands of some Malvaceae plants. We investigated the developmental effect of gossypol in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, an important heliothine pest species, by exposing larvae to different doses of this metabolite in their diet. In addition, we sought to determine the underlying transcriptional responses to different gossypol doses. Larval weight gain, pupal weight and larval development time were measured in feeding experiments and a hormetic response was seen for the first two characters. On the basis of net larval weight gain responses to gossypol, three treatments, that is 0%, 0.016% and 0.16% gossypol , were selected for transcript profiling in the gut and the rest of the body in a two-color double reference design microarray experiment.

2011-10-20 | GSE33080 | GEO

Transcriptional responses underlying the hormetic and detrimental effects of gossypol on Helicoverpa armigera

2011-10-19 | E-GEOD-33080 | biostudies-arrayexpress

sponge body plan

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2014-05-01 | E-MTAB-2430 | biostudies-arrayexpress

sponge development

2014-05-01 | E-MTAB-2431 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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