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USP22 promotes the proliferation and inhibits Sorafenib-induced ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through its deubiquitinase activity

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most lethal cancers, characterized by poor prognosis and low life expectancy. Unfortunately, there are very few molecular therapeutic options available for advanced HCC. Sorafenib is a current standard first-line treatment for advanced HCC, but drug resistance significantly limits its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) as the key regulator of HCC development and Sorafenib resistance. Analysis of TCGA databases revealed that USP22 is highly expressed in HCC tissues and is closely associated with poor patient prognosis. Our data further indicated that USP22 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells via deubiquitinating and stabilizing cyclin-dependent kinase 11B (CDK11B). Additionally, USP22 acts as a novel inducer of Sorafenib resistance and suppresses Sorafenib-triggered ferroptosis in HCC cells. It reduces the transcription of the transferrin receptor (TFRC) by decreasing H2BK120ub occupancy at TFRC transcription start site (TSS) downstream region, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis upon Sorafenib treatment. Finally, animal experiments confirmed the role of USP22 in promoting HCC cell growth and Sorafenib resistance in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that USP22 represents a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC patients, particularly those with Sorafenib resistance.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE278684 | GEO | 2024/10/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Abstract: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the induction of chemo-resistance. The objectives of this study were to clarify the mechanism underlying CAF-mediated sorafenib/lenvatinib resistance and identify a novel therapeutic target to overcome resistance to sorafenib/lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) data of nine pairs of CAFs and para-cancer-associated fibroblasts (PAFs) were analyzed to identify key molecules that induce resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to validate selected targets and related mechanisms. Plasma secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) expression levels prior to sorafenib/lenvatinib treatment as well as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of an advanced HCC cohort (n=42) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: Co-culturing CAFs and HCC cells significantly reduced the responsiveness of HCC cells to sorafenib/lenvatinib, in vitro and in vivo. Systematic integrative analysis of the WTS data of CAFs/PAFs and publicly available gene expression data indicated that CAF-derived SPP1 (CAF-SPP1) was suitable for use as a candidate molecule to induce sorafenib/lenvatinib resistance. An evaluation of the mechanisms involved indicated that CAF-SPP1 increased phosphorylation of PKCɑ, which then activated rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)-extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phosophoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) in HCC cells. SPP1 inhibitors reversed CAF-induced sorafenib/lenvatinib resistance in vitro and in vivo. Patients showing high plasma SPP1 prior to sorafenib/lenvatinib treatment exhibited significantly poor PFS (P=0.005) and OS (P=0.041). Conclusions: CAF-SPP1 enhances sorafenib/lenvatinib resistance in HCC by alternatively activating oncogenic pathways via PKCɑ phosphorylation. Inhibition of CAF-SPP1 may be utilized as a therapeutic strategy against TKI resistance in HCC. Plasma SPP1 level prior to TKI treatment shows potential as a promising biomarker for predicting sorafenib/lenvatinib response in advanced HCC patients.

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USP22 promotes the proliferation and inhibits Sorafenib-induced ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through its deubiquitinase activity

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