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Differential KEAP1/NRF2-mediated signaling widens the therapeutic window of redox-targeting drugs in SCLC therapy [seq]

ABSTRACT: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients experience rapid disease progression despite frequently achieving a complete response to first-line therapy. Maintenance treatments, aiming at controlling residual tumor cells, generally fail due to cross-resistance, inability to target tumor vulnerabilities, or dose-limiting side effects. Here, we show that SCLC cells, like their cell-of-origin, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs), exhibit notably low activity in pathways protecting against reactive oxygen species (ROS). When exposed to a novel thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) inhibitor, these cells quickly exhaust their ROS-scavenging capacity, independent of their molecular subtype and the resistance status against first-line therapy. Importantly, SCLC cells, in contrast to non-cancerous cells, cannot adapt to drug-induced ROS stress because they repress ROS defense enzymes through multiple layers of epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms. By exploiting this differential ability to manage oxidative stress, we demonstrate that the therapeutic dose of TXNRD1 inhibitors can be safely increased in vivo through pharmacological activation of the NRF2 stress response pathway using Bardoxolon-Methyl (CDDO-Me), leading to improved tumor control without added toxicity to healthy tissues. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of TXNRD1 inhibitors in cancers like SCLC, which are marked by reduced ROS-scavenging capacity and strong suppression of adaptive resistance mechanisms.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE279100 | GEO | 2024/11/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Differential KEAP1/NRF2-mediated signaling widens the therapeutic window of redox-targeting drugs in SCLC therapy [array]

Project description:Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients experience rapid disease progression despite frequently achieving a complete response to first-line therapy. Maintenance treatments, aiming at controlling residual tumor cells, generally fail due to cross-resistance, inability to target tumor vulnerabilities, or dose-limiting side effects. Here, we show that SCLC cells, like their cell-of-origin, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs), exhibit notably low activity in pathways protecting against reactive oxygen species (ROS). When exposed to a novel thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) inhibitor, these cells quickly exhaust their ROS-scavenging capacity, independent of their molecular subtype and the resistance status against first-line therapy. Importantly, SCLC cells, in contrast to non-cancerous cells, cannot adapt to drug-induced ROS stress because they repress ROS defense enzymes through multiple layers of epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms. By exploiting this differential ability to manage oxidative stress, we demonstrate that the therapeutic dose of TXNRD1 inhibitors can be safely increased in vivo through pharmacological activation of the NRF2 stress response pathway using Bardoxolon-Methyl (CDDO-Me), leading to improved tumor control without added toxicity to healthy tissues. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of TXNRD1 inhibitors in cancers like SCLC, which are marked by reduced ROS-scavenging capacity and strong suppression of adaptive resistance mechanisms.

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Project description:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as mediators of pancreatic β-cell damage. While β-cells are thought to be vulnerable to oxidative damage, we have shown, using inhibitors and acute depletions, that thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxins are the primary mediators of antioxidant defense in β-cells. However, the role of this antioxidant cycle in maintaining redox homeostasis and β-cell survival in vivo remains unclear. Here, we generated mice with a β-cell specific knockout of thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1.fl/fl; Ins1.Cre/+, βKO). Despite blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, knockout mice maintain normal whole body glucose homeostasis. Unlike pancreatic islets with acute Txnrd1 inhibition, βKO islets do not demonstrate increased sensitivity to continuous ROS. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Txnrd1-deficient β-cells have increased expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated genes, and altered expression of genes involved in heme and glutathione metabolism, suggesting an adaptive response. Txnrd1-deficient β-cells also have decreased expression of factors controlling β-cell function and identity which may explain the mild functional impairment. Together, these results suggest that Txnrd1-knockout β-cells compensate for loss of this essential antioxidant pathway by increasing expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes, allowing for protection from excess ROS at the expense of normal β-cell function and identity.

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Cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway is induced in chronically Txnrd1-deficient hepatocytes

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Effect of nano-enzyme on gene expression during oxidative stress of human mesenchymal stem cells

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