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Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of Drug Resistance in AML cells Unveiled by Multi-Omics Analysis

ABSTRACT: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibits a spectrum of responses to chemotherapy, with drug resistance being a significant clinical challenge. This study employs a multi-omics approach, particularly multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in AML cells. We identified significant cellular heterogeneity and a dynamic transcriptomic trajectory in AML cells with specific drug treatment, and discovered a reprogramming towards a more stem-like state. Interestingly, Ara-C-resistant KG-1a cells predominantly originated from G2/M subpopulations, indicating a cell cycle-specific resistance mechanism. Our analysis also revealed that epigenetic changes of DNA methylation and chromatin architechture, and altered transcription factor activities were implicated in rapid Ara-C resistance, whereas exomic mutations did not significantly contribute to it. We suggest both intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms act together and build a resultant force that aids AML cells in evading therapeutic interventions. The multidimensional changes observed post-treatment showed a complex interplay in the development of drug resistance. This study provides a cellular and molecular portrait of drug response and resistance in AML, offering potential therapeutic targets and a foundation for future research aimed at overcoming chemoresistance.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE279397 | GEO | 2025/04/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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