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EZH2-mediated macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition contributes to calcium oxalate crystal-induced kidney fibrosis

ABSTRACT: Long-term nephrocalcinosis leads to kidney injury, fibrosis, and even chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reports have proved macrophages can transition into myofibroblasts(MMT), leading to collagen deposition and fibrosis in CKD. However, the effect of MMT in calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal-induced kidney fibrosis remains unclear. This study demonstrated that histone methyltransferase EZH2-mediated MMT contributes to CaOx crystal-induced fibrosis. We identified abundant MMT cells by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in kidney tissues of patients with CaOx-related CKD, CaOx nephrocalcinosis mouse model, and CaOx-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. A high level of MMT cell infiltration was associated with a decline in the glomerular filtration rate in CaOx nephrocalcinosis patients. Clodronate Liposomes-mediated macrophage depletion attenuates calcium oxalate crystal-induced fibrosis in mice. Subsequently, transcriptomic and single-cell sequencing revealed that EZH2 was highly expressed in kidneys with CaOx deposition, especially in macrophages. Further study demonstrated that EZH2 inducible knock-out or pharmacological inhibition by GSK-126 attenuated MMT and renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, ChIP and transcriptomic sequencing showed that EZH2 inhibition reduced the enrichment of H3K27me3 on the DUSP23 gene promoter and elevated DUSP23 expression. The Co-IP and molecular docking analysis showed that DUSP23 mediated the dephosphorylation of pSMAD3 (S423/425), the key regulator of MMT. In addition, DUSP23 over-expression could alleviate SMAD3-mediated MMT. Thus, our study found that EZH2 promotes kidney fibrosis by meditating MMT via the DUSP23/SMAD3 pathway in nephrocalcinosis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE280007 | GEO | 2024/10/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Kidney stones (KS) are very common, excruciating, and are associated with tremendous healthcare cost, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Most KS are composed of calcium oxalate and very small increases in urine oxalate concentration increase the risk for stone formation. Besides its critical role in the pathogenesis of KS, emerging data suggest that disturbed oxalate homeostasis (hyperoxaluria and/or hyperoxalemia) contributes to CKD progression, CKD - and ESRD-associated cardiovascular diseases, progression of cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and delayed graft function & poor renal allograft survival. This emphasizes the urgent need for plasma and urinary oxalate lowering therapies, and enhancing the bowel’s ability to secrete oxalate may effectively do so. We previously identified Oxalobacter formigenes (O. formigenes)-derived factors secreted in its culture conditioned medium (CM) which stimulated oxalate transport by human intestinal Caco2-BBE (C2) cells and reduced urinary oxalate excretion in hyperoxaluric mice by enhancing colonic oxalate secretion. Given their remarkable therapeutic potential, we now identified several proteins belonging to Sel1-like family as the major O. formigenes-derived secreted factors, and we determined the crystal structures for six proteins to better understand their function. Importantly, Sel1-14-derived small peptides P8 & P9 were identified as the major factors, with P8+9 closely recapitulate the CM’s effects, including acting through the oxalate transporters SLC26A2 & SLC26A6 and PKA activation. P8+9 also stimulate oxalate transport by human ileal and colonic organoids, confirming that these peptides work in human tissues. Collectively, the identification of these small peptides provide a great opportunity for developing a peptide-based novel therapeutic for hyperoxalemia, hyperoxaluria, and related disorders, impacting the outcomes of patients suffering from KS, primary hyperoxaluria, CKD, ADPKD, ESRD, and renal transplant recipients.

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EZH2-mediated macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition contributes to calcium oxalate crystal-induced kidney fibrosis

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