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Single cell RNA-Sequencing of adipose innate T cells for investigation of circadian rhythm.

ABSTRACT: The circadian rhythm of the immune system helps to protect against pathogens; however, the role of circadian rhythms in immune homeostasis is less well understood. Innate T cells are tissue-resident lymphocytes with key roles in tissue homeostasis4–7. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing, a molecular-clock reporter and genetic manipulations to show that innate IL-17-producing T cells—including γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells—are enriched for molecular-clock genes, compared with their IFNγ-producing counterparts. We reveal that IL-17-producing γδ T (γδ17 T) cells, in particular, rely on the molecular clock to maintain adipose tissue homeostasis, and exhibit a robust circadian rhythm for RORγt and IL-17A across adipose depots, which peaks at night. In mice, loss of the molecular clock in the CD45 compartment (Bmal1∆Vav1) affects the production of IL-17 by adipose γδ17 T cells, but not that of cytokines by αβ T or by IFNγ-producing γδ T (γδIFNγ T) cells. Circadian IL-17 is essential for de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue, and mice with an adipocyte-specific deficiency in IL-17 receptor C (IL-17RC) have defects in de novo lipogenesis. Whole-body metabolic analysis in vivo shows that Il17a/f−/− mice (which lack the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F) have defects in their circadian rhythm for de novo lipogenesis, which results in disruptions to their whole-body metabolic rhythm and core-body temperature rhythm. This study identifies a crucial role for IL-17 in whole-body metabolic homeostasis, and shows that de novo lipogenesis is a major target of IL-17.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE280109 | GEO | 2025/02/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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