Cardiac Applications of CRISPR/AAV-Mediated Precise Genome Editing
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Adeno-associated virus Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE280309 | GEO | 2024/12/02
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Cardiac Applications of CRISPR/AAV-Mediated Precise Genome Editing
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Project description:Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are important delivery platforms for therapeutic genome editing but are severely constrained by cargo limits, especially for large effectors like Cas9s. Simultaneous delivery of multiple vectors can limit dose and efficacy and increase safety risks. The use of compact effectors has enabled single-AAV delivery of Cas9s with 1-3 guides for edits that use end-joining repair pathways, but many precise edits that correct disease-causing mutations in vivo require homology-directed repair (HDR) templates. Here, we describe single-vector, ~4.8-kb AAV platforms that express Nme2Cas9 and either two sgRNAs to produce segmental deletions, or a single sgRNA with an HDR template. We also examine the utility of Nme2Cas9 target sites in the vector for self-inactivation. We demonstrate that these platforms can effectively treat two disease models [type I hereditary tyrosinemia (HT-I) and mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I)] in mice. These results will enable single-vector AAVs to achieve diverse therapeutic genome editing outcomes.
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Project description:The replication-defective, non-pathogenic, nearly ubiquitous single-stranded adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have gained importance since their discovery about 50 years ago. Their unique life cycle and virus-cell interactions have led to the development of recombinant AAVs as ideal genetic medicine tools that have evolved into effective commercialized gene therapies. A distinctive property of AAVs is their ability to edit the genome precisely. In contrast to all current genome editing platforms, AAV exclusively utilizes the high-fidelity homologous recombination (HR) pathway and does not require exogenous nucleases for prior cleavage of genomic DNA. Together, this leads to a highly precise editing outcome that preserves genomic integrity without incorporation of indel mutations or viral sequences at the target site while also obviating the possibility of off-target genotoxicity. The stem cell-derived AAV (AAVHSCs) were found to mediate precise and efficient HR with high on-target accuracy and at high efficiencies. AAVHSC editing occurs efficiently in post-mitotic cells and tissues in vivo. Additionally, AAV also has the advantage of an intrinsic delivery mechanism. Thus, this distinctive genome editing platform holds tremendous promise for the correction of disease-associated mutations without adding to the mutational burden. This review will focus on the unique properties of direct AAV-mediated genome editing and their potential mechanisms of action.
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Project description:Large genes including several CRISPR-Cas modules, such as gene activators (CRISPRa), require dual adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for efficient in vivo delivery and expression. Current dual AAV vector approaches have important limitations, e.g., low reconstitution efficiency, production of alien proteins, or low flexibility in split site selection. Here, we present a dual AAV vector technology based on reconstitution via mRNA trans-splicing (REVeRT). REVeRT is flexible in split site selection and can efficiently reconstitute different split genes in numerous in vitro models, in human organoids and in vivo. Furthermore, REVeRT can functionally reconstitute a CRISPRa module targeting genes in various mouse tissues and organs in single or multiplexed approaches upon different routes of administration. Finally, supplementation of ABCA4 (6.8 kb) via REVeRT improves retinal degeneration and function in a mouse model of inherited blindness. Due to its flexibility and efficiency REVeRT harbors great potential for basic research and clinical applications.
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Project description:Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) hold a natural ability to stimulate homologous recombination (AAV-HR). Moreover, they are also reported to randomly integrate into numerous locations throughout the genome. Here, we describe DNA/RNA immune precipitation sequencing (DRIP-seq) studies in HEPA1-6 cells and whole murine liver to detect genomic r-loops. Through genetic and pharmacological manipulation of r-loops formation, we showed a significant enhancement of AAV-HR. Notably, we were able to detect different levels of r-loops along the Albumin locus. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the 3’ end of Albumin (high r-loops) is efficiently edited by AAV-HR, whereas the upstream region (low r-loops) did not result in any detectable vector integration. In addition, we were also able to find an interesting correlation between previously reported off-target rAAV integration and r-loop enriched genomic regions. Thus, we conclude that highly transcribed genes accumulate high levels of r-loops, and this could lead to rAAV vector genome integration. These findings may shed light on mechanisms for improving the safety and efficacy of genome editing and may enhance our ability to predict regions most susceptible to insertional mutagenesis with canonical rAAV vectors.
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