Passing the anaerobic threshold is associated with substantial changes in the gene expression profile in white blood cells
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE28498 | GEO | 2011/04/09
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA139295
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:High and moderate intensity endurance exercise alters gene expression in human white blood cells (WBCs), but the understanding of how this effect occurs is limited. To increase our knowledge of the nature of this process, we investigated the effects of passing the anaerobic threshold (AnT) on the gene expression profile in WBCs of athletes. Nineteen highly trained skiers participated in a treadmill test with an incremental step protocol until exhaustion (ramp test to exhaustion; RTE). The average total time to exhaustion was 14:40 min and time after AnT was 4:50 min. Two weeks later, seven of these skiers participated in a moderate treadmill test (MT) at 80% peak O2 uptake for 30 min, which was slightly below their AnTs. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after both tests. RTE was associated with substantially greater leukocytosis and acidosis than MT. Gene expression in WBCs was measured using whole genome microarray expression analysis before and immediately after each test. A total of 310 upregulated genes were found after RTE, and 69 genes after MT, of which 64 were identical to RTE. Both tests influenced a variety of known gene pathways related to inflammation, stress response, signal transduction and apoptosis. A large group of differentially expressed, and previously unknown, small nucleolar RNA and small Cajal body RNA was found. In conclusion, a 15 min test to exhaustion was associated with substantially greater changes of gene expression than a 30 min test just below the AnT. After a general medical checkup, the subjects performed a ramp-type progressive exercise test on a treadmill. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein using indwelling catheter before (T0) and immediately after ramp test to exaustion (T1), and before (T2) and immediately after moderate treadmill test (T3).
2011-04-09 | E-GEOD-28498 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:White blood cells (WBCs) express tens of thousands of genes. Their expression levels are modified by genetic and external factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute exercise on gene expression profiles (GEPs) of WBCs and to identify suitable genes which may serve as surrogate markers for monitoring exercise and training load. Five male probands performed an exhaustive treadmill test (ET) at 80% of their VO2max, and a moderate treadmill test (MT) at 60% VO2max for exactly the same time one to two week later. White blood cells (WBCs) were isolated by the erythrocyte lysis method. Gene expression profiles were measured using the Affymetrix GeneChip® technology. After scaling, normalisation, and filtering groupwise and pairwise comparisons of gene expression intensities were performed and validated by real-time PCR. We found 450 genes up-regulated and 150 down-regulated (> 1.5-fold change; ANOVA with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, p<0.05) upon exhaustive exercise. Analysis of mean expression levels after MT showed that the extent of up- and down-regulation was workload dependent. The genes for the stress proteins HSPA1A, HSPH1 and the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 showed the most prominent increases whereas the mRNA concentrations of the YES1 oncogene (YES1), of CD160 (BY55), and of a member of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ATP5s) were most strongly reduced. Remarkably, we could largely reproduce the data from a previous report by Connolly et al. (01) even though we used considerably different methodology. After acute exercise the genes with increased expression levels were highly significantly associated with the gene ontology terms heat-shock proteins, apoptosis and inflammation. The results demonstrate that gene expression changes in WBCs can reflect intensity and duration of exercise. Further analysis is needed to confirm the applicability of expression fingerprints as useful tools for monitoring exercise and training loads in order to avoid training associated health risks. Experiment Overall Design: Five healthy male probands executed an exhaustive treadmill test (80% VO2max) until individual exhaustion. One week later they repeated the test at 60% VO2max for the same time (moderate test). Blood samples (9ml) were drawn before and one hour past the tests. Erythrocytes were lysed and RNA was isolated from the white blood cells. RNA was processed and hybridised on U133A 2.0 Affyetrix GeneChips. Samples were grouped and gene expression changes were detected via multiple algorithms included in GeneSpring 7.2 (Agilent). Experiment Overall Design: Three groups were build from the twenty samples. All ten pre exercise samples were grouped together as the pre test" group. The other two groups contained five samples related to the "exhaustive test" or the "moderate test". TTest in cobination with multiple testing corrections, principal component analysis and hierarchical clstering were used to scan for gene expression profiles induced through the different exercise conditions.
2007-10-27 | E-GEOD-3606 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:MiRNAs are essential mediators of many biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks during exercise and subsequent recovery period. Here we monitored the transcriptome changes by microarray analysis of the whole blood of eight highly trained athletes after 30 min of moderate exercise followed by 30 min and 60 min of recovery period. We combined expression profiling and bioinformatics and analysed metabolic pathways enriched with differentially expressed mRNAs and then mRNAs which are known to be validated targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. Finally we revealed four dynamically regulated networks comprising differentially expressed miRNAs and their known target mRNAs with anti-correlated expression profiles over time. The data suggest that hsa-miR-21-5p regulated TGFBR3, PDGFD and PPM1L mRNAs. Hsa-miR-24-2-5p was likely to be responsible for MYC and KCNJ2 genes and hsa-miR-27a-5p for ST3GAL6. The targets of hsa-miR-181a-5p included ROPN1L and SLC37A3. All these mRNAs are involved in processes highly relevant to exercise response, including immune function, apoptosis, membrane traffic of proteins and transcription regulation. We have identified four miRNA-mRNA networks dynamically regulated following exercise. This work is the first study to monitor miRNAs and mRNAs in parallel into recovery period. The results provide a novel insight into the regulatory role of miRNAs in stress adaptation. Each subject performed a treadmill test with an incremental step protocol until exhaustion. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein using indwelling catheter before (T1), immediately after ramp test to exaustion (T2) and after 30 min of recovery (T3). Two weeks later, athletes participated in the main exercise, consisting of running at 80% VO2 peak for 30 min on a treadmill. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein using indwelling catheter before (T4), immediately after running at 80% VO2 peak for 30 min on a treadmill (T5), after 30 min (T6) and 60 min (T7) of recovery.
2013-04-30 | E-GEOD-46075 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:White blood cells (WBCs) express tens of thousands of genes. Their expression levels are modified by genetic and external factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute exercise on gene expression profiles (GEPs) of WBCs and to identify suitable genes which may serve as surrogate markers for monitoring exercise and training load. Five male probands performed an exhaustive treadmill test (ET) at 80% of their VO2max, and a moderate treadmill test (MT) at 60% VO2max for exactly the same time one to two week later. White blood cells (WBCs) were isolated by the erythrocyte lysis method. Gene expression profiles were measured using the Affymetrix GeneChip® technology. After scaling, normalisation, and filtering groupwise and pairwise comparisons of gene expression intensities were performed and validated by real-time PCR. We found 450 genes up-regulated and 150 down-regulated (> 1.5-fold change; ANOVA with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, p<0.05) upon exhaustive exercise. Analysis of mean expression levels after MT showed that the extent of up- and down-regulation was workload dependent. The genes for the stress proteins HSPA1A, HSPH1 and the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 showed the most prominent increases whereas the mRNA concentrations of the YES1 oncogene (YES1), of CD160 (BY55), and of a member of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ATP5s) were most strongly reduced. Remarkably, we could largely reproduce the data from a previous report by Connolly et al. (01) even though we used considerably different methodology. After acute exercise the genes with increased expression levels were highly significantly associated with the gene ontology terms heat-shock proteins, apoptosis and inflammation. The results demonstrate that gene expression changes in WBCs can reflect intensity and duration of exercise. Further analysis is needed to confirm the applicability of expression fingerprints as useful tools for monitoring exercise and training loads in order to avoid training associated health risks. Keywords: response to different loads of acute exercise
2006-09-06 | GSE3606 | GEO
Project description:White blood cells (WBCs) express tens of thousands of genes. Their expression levels are modified by genetic and external factors. In further study we found that gene expression profiles of these cellls can serve as surrogate markers for monitoring exercise and training load.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute exercise on gene expression profiles (GEPs) of PBMCs and T-lymphocytes in order to re-detect the patterns in subpopulations. The use of WBC subpopulations is necessary because of the well known subpopulation shifts that occur during physical activities. Three male probands performed an exhaustive treadmill test (ET) at 80% of their VO2max. PBMCs were isolated using BD Vacutainer CPT tubes containig Ficoll. T-lymphocytes were isolated from the PBMCs via rosetting technology. Gene expression profiles were measured using the Affymetrix GeneChip® technology. After scaling, normalisation, and filtering groupwise and pairwise comparisons of gene expression intensities were performed. We found that sorting increases the detection sensitivity and enables the researcher to observe regulation that is hidden in heterogenous populations. We therefore suggest not to work on mixed nbut instead on sorted cells when performing gene expression analyses. Experiment Overall Design: Three healthy male probands executed an exhaustive treadmill test (80% VO2max) until individual exhaustion. Blood samples (16ml) were drawn before and one hour past the tests. PBMCs were isolated using the Ficoll density centrifugation methode. T-lymphocytes were isolated by adding rosetting anibodies zo the cells before centrifugation. Cells were lysed using Trizol and worked up with Qiagen RNeasy Micro columns. RNA was processed and hybridised on U133A 2.0 Affymetrix GeneChips. Samples were grouped and gene expression changes were detected via multiple algorithms included in GeneSpring 7.2 (Agilent). Experiment Overall Design: The four groups contained three samples related to the cell type "PBMC" or "T-cell" and "before exercise" or "1hour past exercise". TTest, GOs and KEGG classification, principal component analysis and hierarchical clstering were used to scan for gene expression profiles induced through the different exercise conditions.
2009-04-23 | E-GEOD-6053 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Subjects Eleven male volunteers (mean age 42.3 + 7.4 years; weight 73.9 + 7.7 kg, height 176.9 + 4.0 cm, body mass index (BMI) 23.6 + 2.1 kg/m2 and body fat: 17.7 + 4.3%) participated in this experiment. They were recruited among experienced ultra-endurance runners and all of them had run at least a race longer than 24 h or 4100 km. On average, they had 15.3 + 7.1 years of training history in running and 7.1 + 4.4 years of ultra-endurance experience. They reported to run an average of 80.5 + 11.7 km/week. Written informed consent was obtained from the subjects. The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol has been approved by the local ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est 1, France) and registered in http:// clinicaltrial.gov (# NCT 00428779). Procedures The subjects visited the laboratory twice, with each session separated by 3–4 weeks. All subjects had run at least three times on a motorized treadmill before taking part in the experiment. In the first session, body mass, height and percentage of body fat (measurements of skin-fold thickness) were measured. The subjects performed a maximal test on a motorized treadmill (Gymrol S2500, HEF Tecmachine, Andrezieux-Boutheon, France), to determine the anaerobic threshold VO2max and the velocity associated with VO2max. The initial velocity was set at 10 km/h and the first stage lasted 6 min. Then, the test consisted of a maximal discontinuous incremental test (slope 50%), where the speed was progressively increased by 1.5 km/h every 3 min, followed by 1 min of rest for the collection of blood samples from the finger tips. The second session consisted of the 24-h treadmill ultra-endurance running protocol (24TR). Subjects were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise for a week before the 24TR. The day of the experiment, all subjects ate the same lunch at noon. About 2 h before starting, a muscle biopsy was taken. Pre-exercise muscle biopsy samples (120 mg) were collected under local anesthesia from the superficial portion of the left vastus lateralis muscle using a percutaneous technique [Henriksson (1979) Acta Neurol Scand 59: 317–323]. A large well-organized fascicle of fibers was oriented and included in an embedding medium (Cryomount; Histolab, Göteborg, Sweden), frozen in isopentane, cooled to its freezing point in liquid nitrogen and stored in liquid nitrogen until further cryostat sectioning. The remaining pieces of the sample were rapidly frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until protein analyses were performed. After the muscle biopsy procedure, the subjects rested for approximately 2 h and then they were asked to start the 24TR. Ten minutes after the start of the 24TR, subjects were asked to run 4 min at 8 km/h for measurements of running economy (RE). A slow speed was chosen for RE because the average speed over the 24TR was 7.9 + 1.0 km/h, and 8 km/h is representative of the pace over such an extreme exercise [Millet et al. (2009) Scand J Med Sci Sports 21: 54-61]. The food and water intakes during the 24TR were managed by the subjects as in a normal race. Post-exercise muscle biopsy samples (120 mg) were then collected as described above.
2022-05-17 | PXD006840 | Pride
Project description:In recent years gene expression profiling with microarrays has become an important tool in genomic research. Its usefulness in diagnosis and disease classification is now well documented. In many cases routine access to tissues primarily involved in pathophysiological processes is not possible. Attempts have therefore been made to use gene expression patterns in white blood cells (WBCs) as surrogate markers. We investigated if the analysis of gene expression profiles in whole white blood cells is sufficient or if improvements in reliability and sensitivity can be obtained by the analysis of sorted subtypes of WBCs. Using Affymetrix U133A gene chips we have determined gene expression profiles in WBCs, PBMCs, and T-cells. Changes in gene expression were induced in these cells by oxygen-consumption controlled treadmill exercise of healthy volunteers. We found that gene expression changes in T-cells, which indicated the presence of cell activation and apoptosis after exercise, were masked when mixed cell populations were analyzed. Of 157 genes that were found significantly differently expressed in T-cells when before and after exercise samples were compared, only 50 showed significant differences when PBMCs were analyzed; in WBCs only 20 of these genes showed significant differences. In the latter cells, some genes actually showed a significant change in the opposite direction. We conclude that the threshold for the detection of gene expression changes is lowered when the analysis is done in leukocyte subpopulations. In addition, knowledge about the cellular origin of an observed expression shift facilitates the interpretation of the obtained results. Keywords: T Lymphocytes, exercise, microarray analysis
2006-06-16 | GSE4251 | GEO
Project description:In recent years gene expression profiling with microarrays has become an important tool in genomic research. Its usefulness in diagnosis and disease classification is now well documented. In many cases routine access to tissues primarily involved in pathophysiological processes is not possible. Attempts have therefore been made to use gene expression patterns in white blood cells (WBCs) as surrogate markers. We investigated if the analysis of gene expression profiles in whole white blood cells is sufficient or if improvements in reliability and sensitivity can be obtained by the analysis of sorted subtypes of WBCs. Using Affymetrix U133A gene chips we have determined gene expression profiles in WBCs, PBMCs, and T-cells. Changes in gene expression were induced in these cells by oxygen-consumption controlled treadmill exercise of healthy volunteers. We found that gene expression changes in T-cells, which indicated the presence of cell activation and apoptosis after exercise, were masked when mixed cell populations were analyzed. Of 157 genes that were found significantly differently expressed in T-cells when before and after exercise samples were compared, only 50 showed significant differences when PBMCs were analyzed; in WBCs only 20 of these genes showed significant differences. In the latter cells, some genes actually showed a significant change in the opposite direction. We conclude that the threshold for the detection of gene expression changes is lowered when the analysis is done in leukocyte subpopulations. In addition, knowledge about the cellular origin of an observed expression shift facilitates the interpretation of the obtained results. Experiment Overall Design: Genexpression profiles from 3 different probands before and after exhaustive exercise in White Blood Cells, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and T Lymphocytes, respectively, have been meassured on Affymetrix HG 133 A 2.0 GeneChips.
2007-11-02 | E-GEOD-4251 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In order to obtain a global view on the transcriptional changes induced by the sex-inducing pheromone released by Seminavis robusta mating type plus cells (SIP+), an RNA-seq experiment was conducted. Therefore, purified SIP+ from RP-UPLC/MS was added to MT- cultures, 15 min before light onset after a prolonged dark period. MT- cultures without extract addition constituted the control conditions. Samples were taken after 15 min, 1 h and 3 h of illumination. An additional, non-treated MT- culture was harvested before illumination.
2016-03-22 | E-MTAB-4056 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The widespread use of electricity raises the question of whether or not 50 Hz (power line frequency in Europe) magnetic fields (MFs) affect organisms. We investigated the transcription of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 in response to extremely low-frequency (ELF) MFs. Fields generated by three signal types (sinusoidal continuous, sinusoidal intermittent, and power line intermittent; all at 50 Hz, 1 mT), were applied and gene expression was monitored at the transcript level using an Affymetrix whole-genome microarray. Bacterial cells were grown continuously in a chemostat (dilution rate D = 0.4 h-1) fed with glucose-limited minimal medium and exposed to 50 Hz MFs with a homogenous flux density of 1 mT. For all three types of MFs investigated, neither bacterial growth (determined using optical density) nor culturable counts were affected. Likewise, no statistically significant change (fold-change > 2, P ≤ 0.01) in the expression of 4,358 genes and 714 intergenic regions represented on the gene chip was detected after MF exposure for 2.5 h (1.4 generations) or 15 h (8.7 generations). Moreover, short-term exposure (8 min) to the sinusoidal continuous and power line intermittent signal neither affected bacterial growth nor showed evidence for reliable changes in transcription. In conclusion, our experiments did not indicate that the different tested MFs (50 Hz, 1 mT) affected the transcription of E. coli. A total of 60 chips are included in this study. Each comparison (treated vs. sham-treated cultures; untreated negative control cultures) consists of three replicates. The three magnetic field test conditions include sinusoidal continous, sinusoidal intermittent (2 min on, 4 min off) and power line intermittent (2 min on, 4 min off). Exposure periods were 8 min, 2.5 h, or 15 h. The response control consists of E. coli cells treated for 10 min with 1 mM H2O2 or the equivalent water volume. The negative control comprises samples taken from cultures grown with the exposure chambers swiched off.
2012-01-28 | E-GEOD-35371 | biostudies-arrayexpress