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The genetic basis for synchronised time perception in populations of plants

ABSTRACT: In order to efficiently breed plants for climate change, it is critical to identify traits in seedlings that are effective predictors of agronomically important traits at maturity that could be used to screen lines. Our work shows that the response of circadian clock to changes in photoperiod in seedling Arabidopsis is predictive of bolting time and bolting-associated traits, including the degree of synchronization in bolting. Using the first ever Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) between African and European Arabidopsis lineages, we find distinct Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated both with the synchronicity of circadian responses to photoperiodic changes and with bolting-related traits. Two QTLs contain K-Homology Domain RNA binding proteins (KH17 and KH29) associated with splicing variants in the MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING2 and 3 (MAF2, MAF3) genes, including generating chimeric transcripts between these two adjacent genes containing the MADS-box of MAF2 and the K-box dimerisation domain of MAF3. Many of the variants in KH17 in Arabidopsis ecotypes are found within its prion-like domain and are associated with de-coupling the mean and synchronicity of flowering time. Therefore, we have identified novel potential mechanisms that link synchronised responses on a diurnal scale and a developmental scale.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE286355 | GEO | 2025/03/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The molecular mechanisms by which floral homeotic genes act as major developmental switches to specify the identity of floral organs, are still largely unknown. Floral homeotic genes encode transcription factors of the MADS-box family, which are supposed to assemble in a combinatorial fashion into organ-specific multimeric protein complexes. Major mediators of protein interactions are MADS-domain proteins of the SEPALLATA subfamily, which play a crucial role in the development of all types of floral organs. In order to characterize the roles of the SEPALLATA3 transcription factor complexes at the molecular level, we analyzed genome-wide the direct targets of SEPALLATA3. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by ultrahigh-throughput sequencing or hybridization to whole-genome tiling arrays to obtain genome-wide DNA-binding patterns of SEPALLATA3. The results demonstrate that SEPALLATA3 binds to thousands of sites in the genome. Most potential target sites that were strongly bound in wild-type inflorescences, are also bound in the floral homeotic agamous mutant, which displays only the perianth organs, sepals and petals. Characterization of the target genes shows that SEPALLATA3 integrates and modulates different growth-related and hormonal pathways in a combinatorial fashion with other MADS-box proteins and possibly with non-MADS transcription factors. In particular, the results suggest multiple links between SEPALLATA3 and auxin signaling pathways. Our gene expression analyses link the genomic binding site data with the phenotype of plants expressing a dominant repressor version of SEPALLATA3, suggesting that it modulates auxin response to facilitate floral organ outgrowth and morphogenesis. Furthermore, the binding of the SEPALLATA3 protein to cis-regulatory elements of other MADS-box genes and expression analyses reveal that this protein is a key component in the regulatory transcriptional network underlying the formation of floral organs. ChIP experiments were performed on Arabidopsis wildtype and agamous mutant inflorescences using an antibody raised against a C-terminal peptide of SEP3. As control, ChIP experiments were performed on the sep3 mutant.

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The genetic basis for synchronised time perception in populations of plants

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