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Influenza virus-induced type I interferons disrupt alveolar epithelial repair and tight junction integrity in the developing lung

ABSTRACT: Type I interferons (IFN-I) are key innate immune mediators which control viral infection in adults. Recently, using a neonatal murine model of influenza A infection (IAV), we demonstrated that IAV-infected murine neonates lacking a functional IFN-I receptor (IFNAR-/-) have significantly improved survival and reduced lung pathology relative to wild-type (WT) neonates. However, the opposite is observed in adults, with IAV-infected IFNAR-/- adults exhibiting enhanced morbidity relative to WT adults, indicating an age-specific IFN-I toxicity in neonates. Therefore, we hypothesized that IAV-induced IFN-I signaling in primary neonatal type II alveolar epithelial cells (TIIECs), the main cell type of IAV infection and initiator of host response in the lung, contributed to age-specific viral pathogenesis. To investigate the role of IFN-I signaling in TIIECs, we performed RNA-Seq on purified TIIECs in a multifactorial design, comparing 1. IFNAR-/- and WT genotypes, 2. neonatal and adult ages, 3. IAV-infected and uninfected, 4. over a three-day time course.Analysis of purified TIIECs revealed age, not infection status, as the primary driver of transcriptional differences in TIIECs. Subsequent pathway analysis demonstrated IAV-infected IFNAR-/- neonates significantly upregulate cell proliferation, tissue repair and tight junction genes at 2-days post-infection (dpi), compared to WT neonates. Next, to determine if these growth and repair differences persisted later in infection, targeted analysis of repair gene expression and immunofluorescent quantification of pulmonary sealing tight junction molecules ZO-1 and occludin was performed at 6-dpi. Relative to WT neonates, IFNAR-/- neonates had significantly higher whole lung occludin staining and repair gene expression. Together, our data demonstrates IFN-I signaling is extremely pathogenic in the developing lung because by disrupting alveolar repair and pulmonary barrier integrity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE287098 | GEO | 2025/02/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:To investigate the early host response triggered by three different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi at a local infection site, changes in host gene expression were monitored in a murine intradermal infection model using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays. Robust induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was observed in excised skin 24 hours post-infection where the level of ISG induction was parasite strain-dependent with the least virulent strain triggering a muted IFN response. Infection of mice immunodepleted of IFNÎ³-producing cells or infection of IFNÎ³-deficient mice had minimal impact on the IFN response generated in T. cruzi infected mice. In contrast, infection of mice lacking the type I IFN receptor demonstrated that type I IFNs are largely responsible for the IFN response generated at the site of infection. These data highlight type I IFNs as important components of the innate immune response to T. cruzi the site of inoculation and their role in shaping the early transcriptional response to this pathogen. We used microarrays to detail the local host transcriptional response to intradermal T. cruzi infection in WT mice and mice depleted of NK cells, or deficient in IFN-gamma or type I IFN responses. Additionally we compared the local host-transcriptional response generated to infection with 3 different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y, Brazil, and G). Experiment Overall Design: Mice were infected by intradermal injection of 10^6 T. cruzi trypomastigotes in 100uL of saline split between 2 adjacent sites on the shaved side flank. Control mice were injected with an equal volume of saline. 24 hours post-injection approximately 75mm^2 of skin immediately surrounding the injection site was excised and RNA was isolated from the tissue. Balb/c mice were used for most experiments and IFN-gamma KO mice were on the Balb/c background. WT 129 mice were also used as IFNAR-/- mice were on the 129 background. In total 33 arrays were performed. 7 WT (Balb/c) control, 3 Y strain infected, 3 Brazil strain infected, 3 G strain infected, 2 IFN-gamma KO control, 2 IFN-gamma KO infected, 1 NK cell depleted control, 1 NK cell depleted infected, 3 WT (129) control, 3 WT (129) infected, 3 IFNAR KO control, 3 IFNAR KO infected

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Influenza virus-induced type I interferons disrupt alveolar epithelial repair and tight junction integrity in the developing lung

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