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LC/MS-Based Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Reveal Lipid Diversity and Regulatory Networks Underlying Intramuscular Fat Differences in Xingguo Grey Geese

ABSTRACT: Intramuscular fat (IMF) serves as a crucial economic indicator of meat quality. To investigate the heterogeneity of IMF composition and its regulatory mechanisms in Xingguo (XG) geese with varying IMF levels, lipidomics and transcriptomics were utilized. The analysis of lipid profiles revealed that the predominant lipids in the IMF of XG geese were glycerophospholipids (GPs), followed by glycerides (GLs). Interestingly, the low-IMF group exhibited an increase in GPs, specifically phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs), while the high-IMF group showed elevated levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Transcriptomic analysis indicated that genes related to extracellular matrices (ECM)-receptor interactions, focal adhesion, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and forkhead transcription factors O (FoxO) signaling pathways were upregulated in the low-IMF group. In contrast, genes involved in metabolic processes were more pronounced in the high-IMF group. A comprehensive analysis combining lipidomics and transcriptomics identified CD36, fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5), troponin I2 (TNNI2), and coronin-6 isoform X1 (CORO6) as essential regulators influencing IMF accumulation in XG geese. This research emphasizes the significant lipids, genes, and signaling pathways that play roles in IMF accumulation, providing a theoretical basis for enhancing the meat quality of XG geese.

ORGANISM(S): Anser cygnoides

PROVIDER: GSE291139 | GEO | 2025/03/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Chicken meat has become a major source of protein for human consumption. However, the quality of the meat is not yet under control, especially since pH values that are too low or too high are often observed. In an attempt to get a better understanding of the genetic and biochemical determinants of the ultimate pH, two genetic lines of broilers were divergently selected for low (pHu−) or high (pHu+) breast meat pHu. In this study, the serum lipidome of 17-day-old broilers from both lines was screened for pHu markers using liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS).RESULTS: A total of 185 lipids belonging to 4 groups (glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sterols, sphingolipids) were identified in the sera of 268 broilers from the pHu lines by targeted lipidomics. The glycerolipids, which are involved in energy storage, were in higher concentration in the blood of pHu− birds. The glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines) with long and polyunsaturated acyl chains were more abundant in pHu+ than in pHu− while the lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines, known to be associated with starch, were observed in higher quantity in the serum of the pHu− line. Finally, the concentration of the sterols and the ceramides, belonging to the sphingolipids class, were higher in the pHu+ and pHu−, respectively. Furthermore, orthogonal partial least-squares analyses highlighted a set of 68 lipids explaining 77% of the differences between the two broilers lines (R2Y = 0.77, Q2 = 0.67). Among these lipids, a subset of 40 predictors of the pHu value was identified with a Root Mean Squared Error of Estimation of 0.18 pH unit (R2Y = 0.69 and Q2 = 0.62). The predictive model of the pHu value was externally validated on 68 birds with a Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction of 0.25 pH unit.CONCLUSION: The sets of molecules identified will be useful for a better understanding of relationship between serum lipid profile and meat quality, and will contribute to define easily accessible pHu biomarkers on live birds that could be useful in genetic selection.