MicroRNA expression in primate postnatal brain through lifespan
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes Macaca mulatta
PROVIDER: GSE29356 | GEO | 2011/12/09
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA140185
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:While multiple studies have reported the accelerated evolution of brain gene expression in the human lineage, the mechanisms underlying such change remain poorly understood. Here we address this issue from a developmental perspective, by analyzing mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression in two brain regions within macaques, chimpanzees and humans throughout their lifespan. We find that developmental profiles of trans-regulators, such as miRNA, as well as their target genes, show the fastest rates of human-specific evolutionary change. Changes in expression of a few key regulators may be a major driving force behind human brain evolution. Human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque post-mortem brain samples from the prefrontal cortex and cerebellar cortex were collected. The age ranges of the individuals in all three species covered the respective species' postnatal maturation period from infancy to old adulthood. RNA extracted from the dissected tissue was hybridized to B72.
2011-12-09 | E-GEOD-29356 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of various developmental processes are often changed during evolution. During human evolution sexual maturation has been delayed relative to other primates and this may have played a critical role for both the increase of human brain size and the rise of human-specific cognitive traits . We measured the timing of gene expression changes in the brains of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques throughout postnatal development.
2009-03-10 | GSE11512 | GEO
Project description:In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of various developmental processes are often changed during evolution. During human evolution sexual maturation has been delayed relative to other primates and this may have played a critical role for both the increase of human brain size and the rise of human-specific cognitive traits . We measured the timing of gene expression changes in the superior frontal gyrus region of the brains of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques throughout postnatal development. Keywords: Age series
2009-03-10 | GSE15163 | GEO
Project description:Among other factors, changes in gene expression on the human evolutionary lineage have been suggested to play an important role in the establishment of human-specific phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these expression changes are largely unknown. Here, we have explored the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of gene expression divergence between adult humans, chimpanzees and rhesus macaques, in two brain regions: prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Using combination of high-throughput sequencing, miRNA microarrays and Q-PCR, we have shown that up to 11% of the 325 expressed miRNA diverged significantly between humans and chimpanzees and up to 31% - between humans and macaques. Measuring mRNA and protein expression in human and chimpanzee brains, we found a significant inverse relationship between the miRNA and the target genes expression divergence, explaining 2-4% of mRNA and 4-6% of protein expression differences. Notably, miRNA showing human-specific expression localize in neurons and target genes that are involved in neural functions. Enrichment in neural functions, as well as miRNA-driven regulation on the human evolutionary lineage, were further confirmed by experimental validation of predicted miRNA targets in two neuroblastoma cell lines. Finally, we identified a signature of positive selection in the upstream region of one of the five miRNA with human-specific expression, miR-34c-5p. This suggests that miR-34c-5p expression change took place after the split of the human and the Neanderthal lineages and had adaptive significance. Taken together these results indicate that changes in miRNA expression might have contributed to evolution of human cognitive functions.
2011-10-18 | GSE26545 | GEO
Project description:In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of various developmental processes are often changed during evolution. During human evolution sexual maturation has been delayed relative to other primates and this may have played a critical role for both the increase of human brain size and the rise of human-specific cognitive traits . We measured the timing of gene expression changes in the superior frontal gyrus region of the brains of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques throughout postnatal development. Keywords: Age series Human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque post-mortem brain samples from the superior frontal gyrus region of the prefrontal cortex were collected. The age ranges of the individuals in all three species covered the respective species' postnatal maturation period from infancy to adulthood. RNA extracted from the dissected tissue was hybridized to Affymetrix® Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays.
2009-03-09 | E-GEOD-15163 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of various developmental processes are often changed during evolution. During human evolution sexual maturation has been delayed relative to other primates and this may have played a critical role for both the increase of human brain size and the rise of human-specific cognitive traits . We measured the timing of gene expression changes in the brains of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques throughout postnatal development. Human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque post-mortem brain samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region were collected. The caudate nucleus region was additionally sampled for humans. The age ranges of the individuals in all three species covered the respective species' postnatal maturation period from infancy to young adulthood. RNA extracted from the dissected tissue was hybridized to Affymetrix® U133-plus2.0 GeneChip® arrays.
2009-03-09 | E-GEOD-11512 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms underlying expansion and reorganization of the human brain is essential to comprehend the emergence of the cognitive abilities typical of our species. Comparative analyses of neuronal phenotypes in closely related species (Homo sapiens; human, Pan troglodytes; chimpanzees and Pan paniscus; bonobos) can shed light onto neuronal changes occurring during evolution, the timing of their appearance and the role of evolutionary mechanisms favoring a particular type of cortical organization in humans. The availability of post-mortem brains of endangered primates is limited and often does not represent important species-specific developmental hallmarks. We used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to model neural progenitor cell migration in Homo and Pan and early development of cortical pyramidal neurons in humans and chimpanzees after following cells grafted in vivo. We present results suggesting differential migration patterns in human neural progenitor cells compared to those of chimpanzees and bonobos in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we reveal morphometric and functional differences that are suggestive of heterochronic changes in developing human neurons compared to chimpanzees. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of comparative neural development in closely related hominids. The strategy proposed here lays the groundwork for further comparative analysis between human and non-human primates and opens new avenues for understanding the differences in the neural underpinnings of cognition and neurological disease susceptibility between species.
2019-02-14 | GSE124706 | GEO
Project description:Recent discussions of human brain evolution have largely focused on increased neuron numbers and changes in their connectivity and expression. However, it is increasingly appreciated that oligodendrocytes play important roles in cognitive function and disease. Whether both cell types follow distinctive evolutionary trajectories is not known. We examined the transcriptomes of neurons and oligodendrocytes in the frontal cortex of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. We identified human-specific trajectories of gene expression in oligodendrocytes and show that oligodendrocytes have undergone accelerated gene expression evolution in the human lineage. The signature of acceleration is enriched for cell type-specific expression alterations in schizophrenia. These results underscore the importance of oligodendrocytes in human brain evolution.
2019-12-31 | GSE123936 | GEO
Project description:The human brain is about three times larger than the brain of our closest relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos. However, increased size alone fails to explain cognitive abilities unique to humans. Functional changes acquired in the human lineage are likely mediated by divergent gene expression and cell composition in brain regions. Here we generated a map of the human brain transcriptome by assessing the gene expression levels in 33 distinct regions representing all major brain structures from four adult cognitively healthy human individuals, three chimpanzees, three bonobos, and three rhesus macaques. We further conducted single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (SN-seq) experiment in three of the 33 brain regions in four species: two regions showing excess of the human-specific differences, cingulate anterior cortex and cerebellar gray matter, as well as one region showing no such excess, caudate nucleus. We determined cell type specificity of human-specific differences observed in the bulk tissue analysis, and identified species-specific expression differences directly using SN-seq data. This data resource forms a comprehensive baseline for studies of normal and abnormal human brain function and evolution.
2020-01-30 | GSE127898 | GEO
Project description:The human brain is about three times larger than the brain of our closest relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos. However, increased size alone fails to explain cognitive abilities unique to humans. Functional changes acquired in the human lineage are likely mediated by divergent gene expression and cell composition in brain regions. Here we generated a map of the human brain transcriptome by assessing the gene expression levels in 33 distinct regions representing all major brain structures from four adult cognitively healthy human individuals, three chimpanzees, three bonobos, and three rhesus macaques. We further conducted single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (SN-seq) experiment in three of the 33 brain regions in four species: two regions showing excess of the human-specific differences, cingulate anterior cortex and cerebellar gray matter, as well as one region showing no such excess, caudate nucleus. We determined cell type specificity of human-specific differences observed in the bulk tissue analysis, and identified species-specific expression differences directly using SN-seq data. This data resource forms a comprehensive baseline for studies of normal and abnormal human brain function and evolution.
2020-01-30 | GSE127774 | GEO