MicroRNA expression in primate postnatal brain through lifespan
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Pan troglodytes Homo sapiens Macaca mulatta
PROVIDER: GSE29356 | GEO | 2011/12/09
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA140185
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:While multiple studies have reported the accelerated evolution of brain gene expression in the human lineage, the mechanisms underlying such change remain poorly understood. Here we address this issue from a developmental perspective, by analyzing mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression in two brain regions within macaques, chimpanzees and humans throughout their lifespan. We find that developmental profiles of trans-regulators, such as miRNA, as well as their target genes, show the fastest rates of human-specific evolutionary change. Changes in expression of a few key regulators may be a major driving force behind human brain evolution. Human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque post-mortem brain samples from the prefrontal cortex and cerebellar cortex were collected. The age ranges of the individuals in all three species covered the respective species' postnatal maturation period from infancy to old adulthood. RNA extracted from the dissected tissue was hybridized to B72.
2011-12-09 | E-GEOD-29356 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of various developmental processes are often changed during evolution. During human evolution sexual maturation has been delayed relative to other primates and this may have played a critical role for both the increase of human brain size and the rise of human-specific cognitive traits . We measured the timing of gene expression changes in the brains of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques throughout postnatal development.
2009-03-10 | GSE11512 | GEO
Project description:In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of various developmental processes are often changed during evolution. During human evolution sexual maturation has been delayed relative to other primates and this may have played a critical role for both the increase of human brain size and the rise of human-specific cognitive traits . We measured the timing of gene expression changes in the superior frontal gyrus region of the brains of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques throughout postnatal development. Keywords: Age series
2009-03-10 | GSE15163 | GEO
Project description:In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of various developmental processes are often changed during evolution. During human evolution sexual maturation has been delayed relative to other primates and this may have played a critical role for both the increase of human brain size and the rise of human-specific cognitive traits . We measured the timing of gene expression changes in the brains of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques throughout postnatal development. Human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque post-mortem brain samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region were collected. The caudate nucleus region was additionally sampled for humans. The age ranges of the individuals in all three species covered the respective species' postnatal maturation period from infancy to young adulthood. RNA extracted from the dissected tissue was hybridized to Affymetrix® U133-plus2.0 GeneChip® arrays.
2009-03-09 | E-GEOD-11512 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of various developmental processes are often changed during evolution. During human evolution sexual maturation has been delayed relative to other primates and this may have played a critical role for both the increase of human brain size and the rise of human-specific cognitive traits . We measured the timing of gene expression changes in the superior frontal gyrus region of the brains of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques throughout postnatal development. Keywords: Age series Human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque post-mortem brain samples from the superior frontal gyrus region of the prefrontal cortex were collected. The age ranges of the individuals in all three species covered the respective species' postnatal maturation period from infancy to adulthood. RNA extracted from the dissected tissue was hybridized to Affymetrix® Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays.
2009-03-09 | E-GEOD-15163 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We have quantified gene expression in five tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver and testis) from humans, chimpanzees and rhesus macaques using the Illumina NlaIII Digital Gene Expression (DGE) protocol. This dataset extends a previous microarray study by Khaitovich et al. (Khaitovich et al. 2005) with the rhesus macaque outgroup and complements other previously generated tissue transcriptome profiles from primates (Enard et al. 2002; Khaitovich et al. 2006; Somel et al. 2009; Babbitt et al. 2010; Blekhman et al. 2010; Wetterbom et al. 2010). contributor: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany Samples were obtained from brain (pre-frontal cortex), heart, kidney, liver, and testis tissues of male humans, chimpanzees and rhesus macaques. Illumina NlaIII DGE libraries for all samples were generated in tissue batches, randomizing species in library preparation and sequencing. Human samples originate from different, probably unrelated, individuals for each tissue. For chimpanzees and rhesus macaques the libraries for all tissues come from the same set of individuals and among these are individuals related at the half- and full-sibling level. Due to limited access to samples, the analysis could not be limited to individuals of similar age. Human individuals vary between 5 and 88 years of age, chimpanzees between 6 years and 35 years of age and rhesus macaques between 3 and 9 years of age.
2013-10-01 | E-GEOD-50782 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Among other factors, changes in gene expression on the human evolutionary lineage have been suggested to play an important role in the establishment of human-specific phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these expression changes are largely unknown. Here, we have explored the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of gene expression divergence between adult humans, chimpanzees and rhesus macaques, in two brain regions: prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Using combination of high-throughput sequencing, miRNA microarrays and Q-PCR, we have shown that up to 11% of the 325 expressed miRNA diverged significantly between humans and chimpanzees and up to 31% - between humans and macaques. Measuring mRNA and protein expression in human and chimpanzee brains, we found a significant inverse relationship between the miRNA and the target genes expression divergence, explaining 2-4% of mRNA and 4-6% of protein expression differences. Notably, miRNA showing human-specific expression localize in neurons and target genes that are involved in neural functions. Enrichment in neural functions, as well as miRNA-driven regulation on the human evolutionary lineage, were further confirmed by experimental validation of predicted miRNA targets in two neuroblastoma cell lines. Finally, we identified a signature of positive selection in the upstream region of one of the five miRNA with human-specific expression, miR-34c-5p. This suggests that miR-34c-5p expression change took place after the split of the human and the Neanderthal lineages and had adaptive significance. Taken together these results indicate that changes in miRNA expression might have contributed to evolution of human cognitive functions.
2011-10-18 | GSE26545 | GEO
Project description:Regulatory changes have long been hypothesized to play an important role in primate evolution. To identify adaptive regulatory changes in humans, we performed a genome-wide survey for genes whose regulation evolves under natural selection. To do so, we used a novel multi-species microarray to measure gene expression levels in livers, kidneys, and hearts from six humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques.
2008-09-17 | GSE11560 | GEO
Project description:Proteins in saliva are needed for preprocessing food in the mouth, maintenance of tooth mineralization, and protection from microbial pathogens. Novel insights into human lineage-specific functions of salivary proteins and clues to their involvement in human disease can be gained through evolutionary studies, as recently shown for salivary amylase AMY1 and salivary agglutinin deleted in malignant brain tumors 1/gp340. However, the entirety of proteins in saliva, the 20 salivary proteome, has not yet been investigated from an evolutionary perspective. Here, we compared the proteomes of human saliva and the saliva of our closest extant evolutionary relatives, chimpanzees and gorillas, using macaques as an outgroup, with the aim to uncover features in saliva protein composition that are unique to each species.We found that humans produce a waterier saliva, containing less than half total protein than great apes and OldWorldmonkeys. For all major salivary proteins in humans, we could identify counterparts in chimpanzee and gorilla saliva. However, we 25 discovered unique protein profiles in saliva of humans that were distinct from those of nonhuman primates. These findings open up the possibility that dietary differences and pathogenic pressures may have shaped a distinct salivary proteome in the human lineage.
2019-12-13 | PXD015850 | Pride
Project description:Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms underlying expansion and reorganization of the human brain is essential to comprehend the emergence of the cognitive abilities typical of our species. Comparative analyses of neuronal phenotypes in closely related species (Homo sapiens; human, Pan troglodytes; chimpanzees and Pan paniscus; bonobos) can shed light onto neuronal changes occurring during evolution, the timing of their appearance and the role of evolutionary mechanisms favoring a particular type of cortical organization in humans. The availability of post-mortem brains of endangered primates is limited and often does not represent important species-specific developmental hallmarks. We used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to model neural progenitor cell migration in Homo and Pan and early development of cortical pyramidal neurons in humans and chimpanzees after following cells grafted in vivo. We present results suggesting differential migration patterns in human neural progenitor cells compared to those of chimpanzees and bonobos in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we reveal morphometric and functional differences that are suggestive of heterochronic changes in developing human neurons compared to chimpanzees. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of comparative neural development in closely related hominids. The strategy proposed here lays the groundwork for further comparative analysis between human and non-human primates and opens new avenues for understanding the differences in the neural underpinnings of cognition and neurological disease susceptibility between species.
2019-02-14 | GSE124706 | GEO