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Transcriptome of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica at life cycle transitions

ABSTRACT: Poriferans, like the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica, are the earliest diverging metazoans and may hold the key to understanding the evolution of metazoan pathways. A. queenslandica exhibits a biphasic lifecycle, with free-swimming larvae and sessile adult stages. To study changes in the transcriptome during this period of morphological and ecological transition, we generated poly(A) fragment libraries for A. queenslandica at four developmental stages: precompetent and competent larvae, postlarvae, and adult. These libraries were sequenced using Applied Biosystems SOLiD technology. This study provides the most comprehensive analysis to date of gene expression in the sponge. It has elucidated the genes that define the two main phases of the sponge lifestyle and identified genes that are important for competence and metamorphosis. More importantly, this study has provided insights into the expression of the genes that characterize metazoan features, such as cell adhesion and differentiation, in an early metazoan.

ORGANISM(S): Amphimedon queenslandica

PROVIDER: GSE29978 | GEO | 2012/07/10

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA140763

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcriptome of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica at life cycle transitions

Project description:Poriferans, like the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica, are the earliest diverging metazoans and may hold the key to understanding the evolution of metazoan pathways. A. queenslandica exhibits a biphasic lifecycle, with free-swimming larvae and sessile adult stages. To study changes in the transcriptome during this period of morphological and ecological transition, we generated poly(A) fragment libraries for A. queenslandica at four developmental stages: precompetent and competent larvae, postlarvae, and adult. These libraries were sequenced using Applied Biosystems SOLiD technology. This study provides the most comprehensive analysis to date of gene expression in the sponge. It has elucidated the genes that define the two main phases of the sponge lifestyle and identified genes that are important for competence and metamorphosis. More importantly, this study has provided insights into the expression of the genes that characterize metazoan features, such as cell adhesion and differentiation, in an early metazoan. 4 stages sequenced: precompetent larvae, competent larvae, postlarvae, adult

2012-07-10 | E-GEOD-29978 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A high-resolution Amphimedon queenslandica transriptomic timecourse

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Project description:To investigate the activity of sponge enhancers in vertebrates transgenic experiments was performed where sponge enhancers were inserted into zebrafish embryos and stable lines generated abstract: Transcription factors (TFs) bind DNA enhancer sequences to regulate gene transcription in animals. Unlike TFs, the evolution of enhancers has been difficult to trace because of their fast evolution. Here, we take enhancers in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica and test their activity in zebrafish and mouse. Of the five sponge enhancers assessed, three were located in conserved syntenic gene regions that are unique to animals (Islet–Scaper, Ccne1–Uri, Tdrd3–Diaph3). Despite diverging over 700 million years ago and a dearth of sequence identity, sponge enhancers are able to drive cell type-specific reporter gene expression in vertebrates. Analysis of the type and frequency of TF binding motifs in the sponge Islet enhancer allowed for the identification of homologous enhancers in human and mouse, which show remarkably similar reporter expression patterns to the sponge enhancer. These findings uncover an unexpected deep conservation of enhancers and suggest that enhancers established early in metazoan evolution can remain functional through retention of combinations of transcription factor binding motifs despite substantial sequence divergence.

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Landscape of histone modifications in a sponge reveals the origin of animal cis-regulatory complexity

Project description:We deep sequence DNA associated with immunoprecipitated chromatin containing histones with specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) to identify transcriptionally active or repressed regions of the genome of the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica.

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Interdependent photo- and chemosensory systems regulate larval settlement in a marine sponge

Project description:Marine pelagic larvae from throughout the animal kingdom use a hierarchy of environmental cues to identify a suitable benthic habitat on which to settle and metamorphose into the reproductive phase of the life cycle. The majority of larvae are induced to settle by biochemical cues and many species have long been known to preferentially settle in the dark. Combined, these data suggest that larval responses to light and biochemical cues may be linked, but this is yet to be explored at the molecular level. Here, we track vertical position of larvae of the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica to show that they descend to the benthos at twilight, by which time they are competent to respond to biochemical cues, consistent with them naturally settling in the dark. We then conduct larval settlement assays under three different light regimes (natural day-night, constant dark or constant light), and use transcriptomics on individual larvae to identify candidate molecular pathways underlying the different settlement responses that we observe. We find that constant light prevents larval settlement in response to biochemical cues, likely via actively repressing chemostransduction; this is consistent with the sustained upregulation of a photosensory cryptochrome and two putative inactivators of G-protein signalling in the constant light only. We hypothesise that photo- and chemosensory systems may be hierarchically integrated into ontogeny to regulate larval settlement via nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling in this sponge that belongs to one of the earliest branching of the extant animal lineages.

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