Sex-specific role of Drosophila HP1 in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster
PROVIDER: GSE3055 | GEO | 2005/08/05
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA93137
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1- HP1 is believed to be involved in active transcription, transcriptional gene silencing, and the formation of heterochromatin2-7. However, little is known about the function of HP1 during development. Using a Gal4-induced RNA interference system, we show that conditional depletion of HP1 in transgenic flies results in preferential lethality in male flies. Cytological analysis of mitotic chromosomes reveals that HP1 depletion causes sex-biased chromosomal defects, including telomere fusions. The global levels of specific histone modifications, particularly the hallmarks of active chromatin, are preferentially increased in males as well. Expression analysis revealed that approximately twice as many genes are specifically regulated by HP1 in males compared to females. Furthermore, HP1-regulated genes showed greater enrichment for HP1 binding in males. Taken together, these results reveal that HP1 modulates chromosomal integrity, histone modifications, and transcription in a sex-specific manner. Overall design. The extraction of total RNA was performed following a standard protocol (www.erin.utoronto.ca/~w3flyma/protocol.htm). Total RNA was isolated from two independent populations of male and female 3rd-instar larva of HP1-21/act-Gal4 and, as controls, larval progenies from line HP1-21 with the genotype y w; +/+; HP1-21/+, and larva with the genotype y w; + /+; +/act-Gal4. In brief, larvaa frozen in liquid nitrogen were homogenized and then resuspended in Trizol reagent by pipetting. The precipitated RNA was washed, and then dissolved in RNase-free water. Five micrograms of total RNA from each experimental sample were reverse-transcribed using the SuperScript Choice cDNA synthesis kit from Stratagene. One microgram of double-stranded cDNA was in vitro-transcribed using the Affymetrix IVT kit and labeled by the incorporation of biotinylated-UTP. Fifteen micrograms of cRNA were then fragmented and hybridized to Affymetrix DGv2 GeneChips as per the manufacturers instructions (Affymetrix, Santa Clara CA, USA).
2007-08-01 | E-GEOD-3055 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:modENCODE_submission_2666 This submission comes from a modENCODE project of Gary Karpen. For full list of modENCODE projects, see http://www.genome.gov/26524648 Project Goal: We aim to determe the locations of 125 chromosomal proteins and histone modifications across the Drosophila melanogaster genome. The proteins and modifications under study are involved in basic chromosomal functions such as DNA replication, gene expression, gene silencing, and inheritance. We will perform Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) using genomic tiling arrays. We will initially assay localizations using chromatin from three cell lines and two embryonic stages, and will then extend the analysis of a subset of proteins to four additional animal tissues/stages. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODEDataReleasePolicyFinal2008.pdf Keywords: CHIP-chip EXPERIMENT TYPE: CHIP-chip. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Cell Line: ML-DmBG3-c2; Tissue: CNS-derived cell-line; Developmental Stage: third instar larval stage; Genotype: y v f mal; Sex: Unknown; NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 6; EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS: Cell Line ML-DmBG3-c2; Antibody HP1 wa191 (target is HP1a)
2010-08-10 | E-GEOD-23481 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:modENCODE_submission_2667 This submission comes from a modENCODE project of Gary Karpen. For full list of modENCODE projects, see http://www.genome.gov/26524648 Project Goal: We aim to determe the locations of 125 chromosomal proteins and histone modifications across the Drosophila melanogaster genome. The proteins and modifications under study are involved in basic chromosomal functions such as DNA replication, gene expression, gene silencing, and inheritance. We will perform Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) using genomic tiling arrays. We will initially assay localizations using chromatin from three cell lines and two embryonic stages, and will then extend the analysis of a subset of proteins to four additional animal tissues/stages. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODEDataReleasePolicyFinal2008.pdf Keywords: CHIP-chip EXPERIMENT TYPE: CHIP-chip. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Cell Line: CME-W1-Cl.8+; Tissue: dorsal mesothoracic disc; Developmental Stage: third instar larval stage; Sex: Male; NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 5; EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS: Cell Line CME-W1-Cl.8+; Antibody HP1 wa191 (target is HP1a)
2010-08-10 | E-GEOD-23482 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:modENCODE_submission_3707 This submission comes from a modENCODE project of Gary Karpen. For full list of modENCODE projects, see http://www.genome.gov/26524648 Project Goal: The goal of these experiments are to validate and confirm the locations of 125 chromosomal proteins across the Drosophila melanogaster genome. To do this, we are using RNAi to deplete individual non-histone chromosomal proteins in Drosophila BG3 and S2 tissue culture cells, and then using antibodies to perform Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) using genomic tiling arrays. Comparison of a protein factor's binding profiles before and after depletion will increase the confidence of our predictions. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODEDataReleasePolicyFinal2008.pdf EXPERIMENT TYPE: CHIP-chip. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Cell Line: S2-DRSC; Tissue: embryo-derived cell-line; Developmental Stage: late embryonic stage; Sex: Male; NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 4; EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS: Cell Line S2-DRSC; Antibody HP1 wa191 (target is HP1a); dsRNA (RNAi_reagent) Fly_GFP_RNAi&oldid=39872
2011-10-12 | E-GEOD-32802 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:modENCODE_submission_3893 This submission comes from a modENCODE project of Gary Karpen. For full list of modENCODE projects, see http://www.genome.gov/26524648 Project Goal: The goal of these experiments are to validate and confirm the locations of 125 chromosomal proteins across the Drosophila melanogaster genome. To do this, we are using RNAi to deplete individual non-histone chromosomal proteins in Drosophila BG3 and S2 tissue culture cells, and then using antibodies to perform Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) using genomic tiling arrays. Comparison of a protein factor's binding profiles before and after depletion will increase the confidence of our predictions. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODEDataReleasePolicyFinal2008.pdf EXPERIMENT TYPE: CHIP-chip. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Cell Line: S2-DRSC; Tissue: embryo-derived cell-line; Developmental Stage: late embryonic stage; Sex: Male; NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 4; EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS: Cell Line S2-DRSC; Antibody HP1 wa191 (target is HP1a); dsRNA (RNAi_reagent) CG8409_RNAi&oldid=39599
2011-10-12 | E-GEOD-32856 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:modENCODE_submission_6074 This submission comes from a modENCODE project of Gary Karpen. For full list of modENCODE projects, see http://www.genome.gov/26524648 Project Goal: We aim to determine the locations of the major histone modifications across the Drosophila melanogaster genome. The modifications under study are involved in basic chromosomal functions such as DNA replication, gene expression, gene silencing, and inheritance. We will perform Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) using genomic tiling arrays. We will initially assay localizations using chromatin from three cell lines and two embryonic stages, and will then extend the analysis of a subset of proteins to four additional animal tissues/stages. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODEDataReleasePolicyFinal2008.pdf EXPERIMENT TYPE: CHIP-chip. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Cell Line: S2-DRSC; Tissue: embryo-derived cell-line; Developmental Stage: late embryonic stage; Sex: Male; NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 4; EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS: Cell Line S2-DRSC; Antibody HP1 wa191 (target is HP1a)
2013-04-04 | E-GEOD-45769 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have a hyperdynamic chromatin structure characterized by fewer discrete foci of heterochromatin protein 1 family of proteins (HP1) compared to somatic cells. During reprogramming of somatic cells, depletion of HP1γ early, reduced, while depletion later, enhanced the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); concomitant with a change from a centromeric to nucleoplasmic localization. To identify the interactome of HP1γ in different biochemical environment in ESCs, we compared protein complexes of HP1γ at 0.42M salt (Dignam et al, 1983), with micrococcal nuclease (MCN) digestion with 0.3M NaCl, and MCN with 0.5M NaCl. To understand the effectors of the change in localization, we isolated protein complexes containing HP1γ in ESCs and compared the profile to that in partially reprogrammed intermediates called pre-iPSCs. Given the differential distribution of the HP1 family in ESCs, we also compared the protein interactome of HP1γ in ESCs with that of HP1α and HP1β. In addition, we probed histone associations of HP1γ in ESCs further by querying the histone post-translational modifications that were detectable. The HP1 proteins themselves are decorated with multiple PTMs, several of which we have found to be novel. Taken together our results reveal the complex contribution of the HP1 proteins to pluripotency.
2017-12-13 | PXD006817 | Pride
Project description:The replication of a genomic region during S-phase can be highly dynamic between cell types that differ in transcriptome and epigenome. Replication timing has been positively correlated with several histone modifications that occur at active genes, while repressive histone modifications mark late replicating regions. This raises the question if chromatin modulates the initiating events of replication. To gain insights into this question we have studied the function of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), a reader of to the repressive histone lysine 9 methylation of H3, in genome-wide organization of replication. Cells with reduced levels of HP1 show an advanced replication timing of centromeric repeats in agreement with the model that repressive chromatin mediates the very late replication of large clusters of constitutive heterochromatin. Surprisingly however regions with high levels of interspersed repeats on the chromosomal arms in particular on chromosome 4 and in pericentromeric regions of chromosome 2 behave differently. Here loss of HP1 results in delayed replication timing. The fact that these regions are bound by HP1 suggests a direct effect. Thus while HP1 mediates very late replication of centromeric DNA it is also required for early replication of autosomal regions with high levels of repeats. This observation of opposing functions of HP1 suggests a model where repeat inactivation on autosomes is required for proper activation of origins of replication that fire early, while HP1 mediated repression at constitutive heterochromatin is required to ensure replication of centromeric repeats at the end of S phase. Keywords: RNAi, chip-chip, replication timing
2010-03-16 | GSE18092 | GEO
Project description:modENCODE_submission_957 This submission comes from a modENCODE project of Gary Karpen. For full list of modENCODE projects, see http://www.genome.gov/26524648 Project Goal: We aim to determe the locations of 125 chromosomal proteins and histone modifications across the Drosophila melanogaster genome. The proteins and modifications under study are involved in basic chromosomal functions such as DNA replication, gene expression, gene silencing, and inheritance. We will perform Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) using genomic tiling arrays. We will initially assay localizations using chromatin from three cell lines and two embryonic stages, and will then extend the analysis of a subset of proteins to four additional animal tissues/stages. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODEDataReleasePolicyFinal2008.pdf Keywords: CHIP-chip EXPERIMENT TYPE: CHIP-chip. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Strain: Oregon-R; Developmental Stage: Mixed Adult; Genotype: wild type; NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 4; EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS: Developmental Stage Mixed Adult; organism part ; Antibody HP1 wa191 (target is HP1a); Strain Oregon-R
2010-08-10 | E-GEOD-23461 | biostudies-arrayexpress