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Transcriptional profiling of Piriformospora indica colonizing living and dead barley roots

ABSTRACT: Recent sequencing projects have provided deep insight into fungal lifestyle-associated genomic adaptations. Here we report on the 25 Mb genome of the mutualistic root symbiont Piriformospora indica (Sebacinales, Basidiomycota) and provide a global characterization of fungal transcriptional responses associated with the colonization of living and dead roots. Extensive comparative analysis of the P. indica genome with other Basidiomycota and Ascomycota fungi that have diverse lifestyles strategies identified features typically associated with both, biotrophism and saprotrophism. The tightly controlled expression of the lifestyle-associated gene sets during the onset of the symbiosis, revealed by microarrays analysis, argues for a biphasic root colonization strategy of P. indica. Our finding provides a significant advance in understanding development of biotrophic plant symbionts and suggests a series of incremental shifts along the continuum from saprotrophy towards biotrophy in the evolution of mycorrhizal association from decomposer fungi.

ORGANISM(S): Serendipita indica

PROVIDER: GSE31266 | GEO | 2011/10/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA146023

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcriptional profiling of Piriformospora indica colonizing living and dead barley roots

Project description:Recent sequencing projects have provided deep insight into fungal lifestyle-associated genomic adaptations. Here we report on the 25 Mb genome of the mutualistic root symbiont Piriformospora indica (Sebacinales, Basidiomycota) and provide a global characterization of fungal transcriptional responses associated with the colonization of living and dead roots. Extensive comparative analysis of the P. indica genome with other Basidiomycota and Ascomycota fungi that have diverse lifestyles strategies identified features typically associated with both, biotrophism and saprotrophism. The tightly controlled expression of the lifestyle-associated gene sets during the onset of the symbiosis, revealed by microarrays analysis, argues for a biphasic root colonization strategy of P. indica. Our finding provides a significant advance in understanding development of biotrophic plant symbionts and suggests a series of incremental shifts along the continuum from saprotrophy towards biotrophy in the evolution of mycorrhizal association from decomposer fungi. P. indica (DSM 11827, DSMZ) was cultivated on complex medium agar plates or liquid medium as described before (Zuccaro et al., 2009). Barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise) were surface sterilized with 3 % sodium hypochlorite, rinsed in water and pregerminated for 3 days. To address the experimental design four different treatments were done (P. indica on barley roots on 1/10 PNM medium, P. indica on autoclaved barley roots on 1/10 PNM medium, P. indica on 1/10 PNM medium and P. indica on CM medium), each in three independent biological replications. Root and fungal material was harvested in liquid nitrogen after 24, 36, 48, 72, 120 and 168 hpi. For each time point roots from 15 to 20 living plants or 21 to 36 autoclaved plants were pooled.

2011-09-30 | E-GEOD-31266 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Piriformospora indica on Arabidopsis and barley root material

Project description:Broad-host root endophytes establish long-term interactions with a large variety of plants, thereby playing a significant role in natural and managed ecosystems and in evolution of land plants. To exploit plants as living substrates and to establish a compatible interaction with morphologically and biochemically extremely different hosts, endophytes must respond and adapt to different plant signals and host metabolic states. Here we identified host-adapted colonization strategies and host-specific effector candidates of the mutualistic root endophyte Piriformospora indica by a global investigation of fungal transcriptional responses to barley and Arabidopsis at different symbiotic stages. Additionally we examined the role played by nitrogen in these two diverse associations. Cytological studies and colonization analyses of a barley mutant and fungal RNAi strains show that distinct physiological and metabolic signals regulate host-specific lifestyle in P. indica. This is the foundation for exploring how distinct fungal and host symbiosis determinants modulate biotrophy in one host and saprotrophy in another host and, ultimately, gives hints into the mechanisms underlying host adaptation in root symbioses.

2013-07-22 | GSE47775 | GEO

Piriformospora indica on Arabidopsis and barley root material

2013-07-22 | E-GEOD-47775 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of sebacinoid fungi

Project description:The recent release of a large number of genomes from ectomycorrhizal, orchid mycorrhizal and root endophytic fungi have provided deep insight into fungal lifestyle-associated genomic adaptation. Comparative analyses of symbiotic fungal taxa showed that similar outcomes of interactions in distant related root symbioses are examples of convergent evolution. The order Sebacinales represents a sister group to the Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) that is comprised of ectomycorrhizal, ericoid-, orchid- mycorrhizal, root endophytic fungi and saprotrophs (Oberwinkler et al., 2013). Sebacinoid taxa are widely distributed from arctic to temperate to tropical ecosystems and are among the most common and species-rich groups of ECM, OM and endophytic fungi (Tedersoo et al., 2012, Tedersoo et al., 2010, Oberwinkler et al., 2013). The root endophyte Piriformospora indica and the orchid mycorrhizal fungus S. vermifera (MAFF 305830) are non-obligate root symbionts which were shown to be able to interact with many different experimental hosts, including the non-mycorrhizal plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These two fungi display similar colonization strategies in barley and in Arabidopsis and the ability to establish beneficial interactions with different hosts (Deshmukh et al., 2006). Colonization of the roots by P. indica and S. vermifera results in enhanced seed germination and biomass production as well as increased resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses in its experimental hosts, including various members of the Brassicaceae family, barley, Nicotiana attenuata and switchgrass (Ghimire, 2011, Ghimire et al., 2009, Ghimire et al., 2011, Waller et al., 2008, Barazani et al., 2007, Deshmukh et al., 2006). Microarray experiments were performed to identify and characterize conserved sebacinoid genes as key determinants in the Sebacinales symbioses.

2015-06-01 | GSE60736 | GEO

Arabidopsis thaliana responds to colonisation of Piriformospora indica by secretion of symbiosis specific proteins

Project description:Plants interact with a wide variety of fungi in a mutualistic, parasitic or neutral way. The associations formed depend on the exchange of nutrients and signalling molecules between the partners. The latter include a diverse set of protein classes, of which some have been demonstrated to be functionally implicated in defence, nutrient uptake and establishing a symbiotic relationship. Here, we have analysed the secretomes of the mutualistic, root-endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica and Arabidopsis thaliana when cultivated alone or in a co-culture. More than one hundred proteins were identified as differentially secreted, including proteins associated with growth, development, abiotic and biotic stress response and mucilage. One protein found in the co-culture is PLAT1 (Polycystin, Lipoxygenase, Alpha-toxin and Triacylglycerol lipases). PLAT1 has not been associated with plant-fungal-interaction before and is known to play a role in abiotic stress responses. It co-localizes with Brassicaceae-specific endoplasmic reticulum bodies (ER bodies), which are involved in the formation of the defence compound scopolin. We observed degraded ER bodies in P. indica infected Arabidopsis roots and plat1 mutants were stronger colonised than wild tyype (WT) plants. Furthermore, PLAT1 RNA (ribonucleic acid) and scopolin levels were detected to be regulated by the fungus in a stage-specific manner.

2019-01-07 | PXD009563 | Pride

Gene expression during early stages of arbuscular mycorrhizal root formation in Medicago truncatula.

2012-03-28 | GSE34617 | GEO

Gene expression during early stages of arbuscular mycorrhizal root formation in Medicago truncatula.

Project description:Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) interactions between plants and Glomeromycota fungi primarily support phosphate aquisition of most terrestrial plant species. To unravel gene expression during early stages of Medicago truncatula root colonization by AM fungi, we used genome-wide transcriptome profiling based on mycorrhizal root fragments enriched for early fungal infection stages. We used Medicago GeneChips to detail the global programme of gene expression in response to early stages of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and identified genes differentially expressed during these early stages. Medicago truncatula GFP-HDEL hairy roots (genotypes A17 and DMI3) were grown in vertically-oriented petri dishes, incubated at 26M-BM-0C and inoculated with 8 Gigaspora margarita spores, which were positioned between the lateral roots. G.margarita spores germinated in 2 to 4 days. Hyphopodia were observed after 5-6 days. Root fragments which reacted to the fungal contact were collected and frozen. Non-inoculated control root fragments were harvested at a comparable age.

2012-03-27 | E-GEOD-34617 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Barley root gene expression during colonisation by Piriformospora indica

2009-04-29 | GSE13756 | GEO

Piriformospora indica primes barley for systemic resistance against powdery mildew

Project description:Colonization of barley roots with the basidiomycete fungus Piriformospora indica enhances resistance against the leaf pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). To identify genes involved in this mycorrhiza-induced systemic resistance, we used the Affymetrix Barley1 22K gene chip for leaf transcriptome analysis of P. indica-colonized and non-colonized barley plants 12, 24 and 96 hours post inoculation (hpi) with a compatible Bgh strain.

2011-10-06 | E-MEXP-3389 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Barley root gene expression during colonisation by Piriformospora indica

Project description:The fungal mutualist Piriformospora indica is colonising barley roots thereby mediating various beneficial effects to its host. The interaction is characterised by an initial biotrophic interaction stage which is followed by a cell death-dependent colonisation phase. We used microarrays to identify the global programme of gene expression during the colonisation process of barley roots by P. indica and to obtain informations into plant defense and metabolic reprogramming. In three independent experiments plants were inoculated with Piriformospora indica. Samples from inoculated roots were taken at 1, 3, and 7 days after inoculation. Samples from uninfected control plants were taken at the same time points.

2010-05-19 | E-GEOD-13756 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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