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H3Cit26 ChIP-chip from MCF-7 cells

ABSTRACT: Estrogen receptor α (ER), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, regulates transcriptional activity by ligand-dependent recruitment of cofactors which, in turn, locally alter chromatin structure. It is generally believed that co-factor activity at target promoters leads to a more open, transcriptionally permissive chromatin structure, however, these mechanisms remain to be fully established. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) catalyze the conversion of positively charged arginine and methylarginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline and this activity has been linked to the gene regulation. Here, we found that PADI2 citrullinate H3 Arginine 26 (H3R26) in vitro and, using a specific H3R26 citrulline (H3Cit26) antibody, we demonstrate that H3Cit26 occurs in vivo following 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulation and this unique and pronounced global activation of H3Cit26 is ER-dependent. Using a mammalian-based promoter chromosomal array system, we observed that citrullination at H3R26 is robust and co-localizes with ER at decondensed chromatin loci. Additionally, this histone modification is specifically enriched at ER bound regions of target promoters, forming a permissive chromatin environment for gene transactivation. Interestingly, we have shown in a reciprocal way, that either depletion of PADI2 or inhibition of ER not only dramatically abolished E2-induced activation of H3Cit26 on gene promoters but also affect ER recruitment. Collectively, our results demonstrate that citrullination of H3R26 by PADI2 following estrogen stimulation plays a role in ER target gene activation, likely via decondensation of the local chromatin architecture.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE32599 | GEO | 2012/09/04

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA147173

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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H3Cit26 ChIP-chip from MCF-7 cells

Project description:Estrogen receptor M-NM-1 (ER), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, regulates transcriptional activity by ligand-dependent recruitment of cofactors which, in turn, locally alter chromatin structure. It is generally believed that co-factor activity at target promoters leads to a more open, transcriptionally permissive chromatin structure, however, these mechanisms remain to be fully established. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) catalyze the conversion of positively charged arginine and methylarginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline and this activity has been linked to the gene regulation. Here, we found that PADI2 citrullinate H3 Arginine 26 (H3R26) in vitro and, using a specific H3R26 citrulline (H3Cit26) antibody, we demonstrate that H3Cit26 occurs in vivo following 17M-NM-2-estradiol (E2) stimulation and this unique and pronounced global activation of H3Cit26 is ER-dependent. Using a mammalian-based promoter chromosomal array system, we observed that citrullination at H3R26 is robust and co-localizes with ER at decondensed chromatin loci. Additionally, this histone modification is specifically enriched at ER bound regions of target promoters, forming a permissive chromatin environment for gene transactivation. Interestingly, we have shown in a reciprocal way, that either depletion of PADI2 or inhibition of ER not only dramatically abolished E2-induced activation of H3Cit26 on gene promoters but also affect ER recruitment. Collectively, our results demonstrate that citrullination of H3R26 by PADI2 following estrogen stimulation plays a role in ER target gene activation, likely via decondensation of the local chromatin architecture. Two H3Cit26 ChIP-chip biological replicates under vehicle treatment and two H3Cit26 ChIP-chip biological replicates under E2 stimulation from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are included.

2012-09-04 | E-GEOD-32599 | biostudies-arrayexpress

PAD2-mediated citrullination contributes to efficient oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination

Project description:Citrullination, the deimination of arginine residues into citrulline, has been implicated in the aetiology of several diseases. In multiple sclerosis (MS), citrullination is thought to be a major driver of pathology, through hypercitrullination and destabilization of myelin. As such, inhibition of citrullination has been suggested as a therapeutical strategy for MS. Here we show that citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) is in contrast required for normal oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination and motor function. We identify several targets for PADI2, including not only myelin-related proteins, but also several chromatin-associated proteins, implicating PADI2 in epigenetic regulation. Accordingly, we observe that PADI2 inhibition and its knockdown affect chromatin accessibility and prevent the upregulation of genes involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation. Moreover, mice lacking PADI2, display motoric dysfunction and a decreased number of myelinated axons in the corpus callosum. Our study demonstrates that citrullination is required for oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination and thus its targeted activation in the oligodendrocyte lineage might be beneficial in the context of remyelination in diseases as MS.

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Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) is a key regulator for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through the maintenance of citrullination-mediated RUNX2 stability

Project description:Peptidylarginine deiminase (PADI) 2 catalyzes the posttranslational conversion of peptidyl-arginine to peptidyl-citrulline, a process called citrullination. However, the exact function of PADI2 in bone development and bone homeostasis remains unknown. In this study, we found that Padi2 deficiency lead to loss of bone mass and cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD)-like phenotype with delayed calvarial ossification and clavicular hypoplasia due to impaired osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, Padi2 depletion drastically reduced RUNX2 protein level and PADI2 stabilized RUNX2 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we identified a new modification at RUNX2, citrullination of arginine and its conversion to citrulline by PADI2. PADI2 citrullinates RUNX2 via a direct physical interaction and the citrullination sites at RUNX2 by PADI2 were identified by high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Interestingly, in mouse RUNX2 isoform 1 (528 a.a), loss of R381, a citrullination site by PADI2, drastically reduced RUNX2 protein levels, indicating that the citrullination of RUNX2 by PADI2 is required for the maintenance of RUNX2 protein stability. Collectively, our study demonstrates that PADI2-mediated citrullination play key roles in bone formation and bone homeostasis. Also, CCD may result from functional defects of RUNX2 by Padi2 deficiency. These insights into the role of PADI2 in postnatal bone formation and homeostasis and CCD pathogenesis may assist in the development of new therapies for bone diseases including CCD.

2023-10-24 | PXD040179 | Pride

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2022-01-15 | GSE167452 | GEO

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Citrullination of Histone H3 drives IL-6 production by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MGUS and multiple myeloma

Project description:Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable plasma cell malignancy, requires localisation within the bone marrow in order to survive and proliferate. Interactions between the malignant plasma cell and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) are thought to be a critical determinant of this requirement, and include both physical and chemical components. There is increasing evidence that the phenotype of the BMMSC is stably altered in patients with MM. More recently, it has been suggested that this phenotypic transformation is also observed in patients with the benign condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), which almost always precedes MM. In this study, we describe a mechanism by which the peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) enzyme plays an key role in the control of malignant plasma cell phenotype by BMMSCs. PADI enzymes deiminate (citrullinate) peptidyl arginine residues, changing the function or interactions made by the target protein. We identified PADI2 as one of the most highly upregulated transcripts in BMMSCs from both MGUS and MM patients, and that through citrullination of arginine residue 26 of histone H3, it induces the upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. This directly leads to the acquisition of resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent, bortezomib, by malignant plasma cells. We therefore describe a novel mechanism by which BMMSC dysfunction in patients with MGUS and MM directly leads to pro-malignancy signalling through the citrullination of histone H3R26. 30 samples, 10 from each of three categories (control, MGUS, MM)

2016-08-03 | E-GEOD-80608 | biostudies-arrayexpress

PADI4 ChIP-chip from MCF-7 cells

Project description:Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4) catalyzes the conversion of positively charged arginine and methylarginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline residues on histone tails. This activity has been linked to the repression of gene transcription on a limited number of genes. To broaden our knowledge of the regulatory potential of PADI4, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with promoter tiling array (ChIP-chip) to more comprehensively investigate the range of PADI4 target genes across the genome in MCF-7 cells. Results showed that PADI4 is enriched in the gene promoter regions near the transcription start sites (TSSs) and, surprisingly, this pattern of binding is primarily associated with actively transcribed genes. Computational analysis found Elk-1, a member of the ETS oncogene family, to be highly enriched around PADI4 binding sites and coimmunoprecipitation analysis then confirmed that Elk-1 physically associates with PADI4. The expression of two well characterized Elk-1 target genes, c-fos and egr-1, was then found to be inhibited following treatment of MCF-7 cells with a PADI4 specific inhibitor. The inhibitor also significantly reduced levels of acetylation at H4 lysine 5 at these promoters suggesting that the activating function of PADI4 at these target genes is mediated, in part, by interplay between histone citrullination and HAT-mediated acetylation. These findings greatly expand our knowledge of the role of PADI4 in gene regulation by defining a new role for PADI4 catalyzed histone citrullination in mediating gene transactivation. Two PADI4 ChIP-chip biological replicates from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are included.

2011-03-31 | E-GEOD-18755 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Citrullination of Histone H3 drives IL-6 production by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MGUS and multiple myeloma

2016-08-03 | GSE80608 | GEO

PADI4 ChIP-chip from MCF-7 cells

2011-03-31 | GSE18755 | GEO

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Project description:Peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes (PADs) convert arginine residues to citrulline in a process called citrullination or deimination. Recently, two PADs, PAD2 and PAD4, have been linked to hormone signaling in vitro and the goal of this study was to test for links between PAD2/PAD4 and hormone signaling in vivo. Preliminary analysis of Padi2 and Padi4 single knockout (SKO) mice did not find any overt reproductive defects and we predicted that this was likely due to genetic compensation. To test this hypothesis, we created a Padi2/Padi4 double knockout (DKO) mouse model and tested these mice for a range of reproductive defects. Results from controlled breeding trials found that DKO breeding pairs appeared to take longer to have their first litter than WT controls and that DKO male weanlings weighed significantly less than their WT counterparts. Additionally, DKO males took significantly longer than WT males to reach puberty and also had lower serum testosterone levels. Furthermore, DKO males had smaller testes than WT males and also had increased rates of germ cell apoptosis. The DKO mouse model provides a new tool for investigating PAD function and outcomes from our studies provide the first in vivo evidence linking PADs with hormone signaling.

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