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Genome-wide analysis of monocytes and T cells' response to interferon beta

ABSTRACT: The research hypothesis was that the unique expression profile of monocytes in response to Interferon-beta (IFN-β) might be masked by the response profile of the more abundant T cells. The analysis of monocytes response may highlight novel IFN-β functions and pathways that have not been recognized previously. The aim of this study was to characterized the IFN-β transcriptional response in monocytes, a small but influential cell-subset, using gene expression profile and pathway analysis. The expression profiles of purified human monocytes and T cells pulse with IFN-β overnight were compared, and revealed 276 and 42 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in monocytes and T cells respectively, with only 5 genes common to both sets. Many of the DEGs detected in monocytes were novel with respect to the recognized IFN-β response, and included genes involved in immune-specific activities, communication between cells, regulation of apoptosis, cell migration, and protein translation. Network and pathway analysis of the T cells response revealed the familiar immune pathways, response to virus pathways, and IFN canonical pathway. In monocytes, however, we detected along with known IFN-β-related pathways, such as cell migration also pathways that had not been previously described in the context of IFN-β response, such as the High-Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) signaling pathway. However, most DEGs in monocytes did not cluster to specific networks or canonical pathways. The monocyte-specific DEGs and pathways described herein are beyond the current knowledge regarding the biology of the IFN-β response and the differential response to IFN-β of monocytes versus T cells described emphasizes the importance of cell-specific studies for elucidating the spectrum of cytokine-mediated immunomodulation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE34627 | GEO | 2013/04/22

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA151275

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The research hypothesis was that the unique expression profile of monocytes in response to Interferon-beta (IFN-Î²) might be masked by the response profile of the more abundant T cells. The analysis of monocytes response may highlight novel IFN-Î² functions and pathways that have not been recognized previously. The aim of this study was to characterized the IFN-Î² transcriptional response in monocytes, a small but influential cell-subset, using gene expression profile and pathway analysis. The expression profiles of purified human monocytes and T cells pulse with IFN-Î² overnight were compared, and revealed 276 and 42 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in monocytes and T cells respectively, with only 5 genes common to both sets. Many of the DEGs detected in monocytes were novel with respect to the recognized IFN-Î² response, and included genes involved in immune-specific activities, communication between cells, regulation of apoptosis, cell migration, and protein translation. Network and pathway analysis of the T cells response revealed the familiar immune pathways, response to virus pathways, and IFN canonical pathway. In monocytes, however, we detected along with known IFN-Î²-related pathways, such as cell migration also pathways that had not been previously described in the context of IFN-Î² response, such as the High-Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) signaling pathway. However, most DEGs in monocytes did not cluster to specific networks or canonical pathways. The monocyte-specific DEGs and pathways described herein are beyond the current knowledge regarding the biology of the IFN-Î² response and the differential response to IFN-Î² of monocytes versus T cells described emphasizes the importance of cell-specific studies for elucidating the spectrum of cytokine-mediated immunomodulation. Monocytes and T lymphocytes were isolated from 3 healthy volunteers. For each sample the expression profile of untreated cells was compared to the profile of IFN-Î² treated cells, i.e. 4 samples from each donor (2 cell types, with and without treatment), 12 samples total.

Project description:Compared to primary human monocytes in whole blood cultures, few B cells activated STAT1 in response to stimulation of 2000 IU/ml IFN-beta for 45 minutes. Because activation of STAT1 leads to apoptosis induction, we tested the hypothesis that less pro-apoptotic genes are induced in B cells as compared to monocytes. Manuscript titled: Major differences in the responses of primary human leukocyte subsets to IFN-beta. Abstract: Treatment of cell lines with type I IFNs activates the formation of ISGF3 (STAT1/STAT2/ IRF9), which induces the expression of many genes. To study this response in primary cells, we treated fresh human blood with IFN-beta and used flow cytometry to analyze phosphorylated STATs1, 3 and 5 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes. The activation of STAT1 was remarkably different among these leukocyte subsets. In contrast to monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, few B cells activated STAT1 in response to IFN-beta, a finding that could not be explained by decreased levels of IFNAR2 or STAT1 or enhanced levels of SOCS1 or relevant protein tyrosine phosphatases in B cells. Micro-array and real-time PCR analyses revealed the induction of STAT1-dependent pro-apoptotic mRNAs in monocytes but not in B cells. These data show that ISGF3 or STAT1 homodimers are not the main activators of gene expression in primary B cells of healthy humans. Notably, in B cells and especially in CD4+ T cells, IFN-beta activated STAT5 in addition to STAT3, with biological effects often opposite from those driven by activated STAT1. These data help to explain why IFN-beta increases the survival of primary human B cells and CD4+ T cells, but enhances the apoptosis of monocytes, and also to understand how leukocyte subsets are differentially affected by endogenous type I IFNs during viral or bacterial infections, and by type I IFN treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis, hepatitis or cancer. Undiluted whole blood of 2 healthy individuals (HI) was used, and either stimulated with IFN-beta or left untreated (control) for 3 hrs. After 3 hrs, both B cells and monocytes were isolated from whole blood of the first healthy individual, and only B cells were isolated from whole blood of the second healthy individual.

Project description:The immune mechanisms that control resistance vs. susceptibility to mycobacterial infection in humans were investigated by studying leprosy skin lesions, the site where the battle between the host and the pathogen is joined. Using an integrative genomics approach, we found an inverse correlation between of IFN-beta and IFN-gamma gene expression programs at the site of disease. The Type II IFN, IFN-gamma and its downstream vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial genes were preferentially expressed in the lesions from patients with the self-healing tuberculoid form of the disease and mediated antimicrobial activity against the pathogen, Mycobacterium leprae in vitro. In contrast, the Type I IFN, IFN-beta and its downstream genes, including IL-27 and IL-10, were induced in monocytes by M. leprae in vitro, and were preferentially expressed in the lesions of disseminated and progressive lepromatous form. The IFN-gamma induced macrophage antimicrobial response was inhibited by IFN-beta/IL-10, by a mechanism involving blocking the generation of bioactive 1,25-dihyroxy vitamin D as well as inhibiting induction of antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin and DEFB4. The ability of IFN-M-oM-^AM-" to inhibit the IFN-gamma induced vitamin D pathway including antimicrobial activity was reversed by neutralization of IL-10, suggesting a possible target for therapeutic intervention. Finally, a common IFN-beta and IL-10 gene signature was identified in both the skin lesions of leprosy patients and in the peripheral blood of active tuberculosis patients. Together these data suggest that the ability of IFN-beta to downregulate protective IFN-gamma responses provides one general mechanism by which some bacterial pathogens of humans evade protective host responses and contribute to pathogenesis. Peripheral blood monuclear cells derived through Ficoll-Hypaque from the blood of healthy human donors (n=4). Cells adhered to tissue culture treated 6-well plates for 2 hours in 1% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) RPMI and then stimulated by IL-10 (R&D Systems) 10ng/ml or media alone in 10% FBS RPMI for 24 hours at 37M-BM-0C, 5% CO2. After stimulation, cells harvested and monocytes isolated through CD14 positive selection (Miltenyi Biotec). RNA from purified monocytes extracted by Trizol and purified by Qiagen RNeasy Kit. RNA probe and microarray performed by UCLA Clinical Microarray Core using Ambion labeling kit and Affymetrix Human U133 Plus 2.0 array.

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Genome-wide analysis of monocytes and T cells' response to interferon beta

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