Expression in IFN-gamma treated control and Atg5-/- macrophages
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE34863 | GEO | 2012/01/05
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA150127
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Susceptibility to Crohn's disease, a complex inflammatory disease involving the small intestine, is controlled by over 30 loci. One Crohn's disease risk allele is in ATG16L1, a gene homologous to the essential yeast autophagy gene ATG16 (ref. 2). It is not known how ATG16L1 or autophagy contributes to intestinal biology or Crohn's disease pathogenesis. To address these questions, we generated and characterized mice that are hypomorphic for ATG16L1 protein expression, and validated conclusions on the basis of studies in these mice by analysing intestinal tissues that we collected from Crohn's disease patients carrying the Crohn's disease risk allele of ATG16L1. Here we show that ATG16L1 is a bona fide autophagy protein. Within the ileal epithelium, both ATG16L1 and a second essential autophagy protein ATG5 are selectively important for the biology of the Paneth cell, a specialized epithelial cell that functions in part by secretion of granule contents containing antimicrobial peptides and other proteins that alter the intestinal environment. ATG16L1- and ATG5-deficient Paneth cells exhibited notable abnormalities in the granule exocytosis pathway. In addition, transcriptional analysis revealed an unexpected gain of function specific to ATG16L1-deficient Paneth cells including increased expression of genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling and lipid metabolism, of acute phase reactants and of two adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, known to directly influence intestinal injury responses. Importantly, Crohn's disease patients homozygous for the ATG16L1 Crohn's disease risk allele displayed Paneth cell granule abnormalities similar to those observed in autophagy-protein-deficient mice and expressed increased levels of leptin protein. Thus, ATG16L1, and probably the process of autophagy, have a role within the intestinal epithelium of mice and Crohn's disease patients by selective effects on the cell biology and specialized regulatory properties of Paneth cells. Experiment Overall Design: 4 Samples: 2 replicates of Atg16-hypomorph Paneth cells and 2 replicates of Wildtype Paneth cells.
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2023-06-05 | GSE151864 | GEO
Project description:Susceptibility to Crohn's disease, a complex inflammatory disease involving the small intestine, is controlled by over 30 loci. One Crohn's disease risk allele is in ATG16L1, a gene homologous to the essential yeast autophagy gene ATG16 (ref. 2). It is not known how ATG16L1 or autophagy contributes to intestinal biology or Crohn's disease pathogenesis. To address these questions, we generated and characterized mice that are hypomorphic for ATG16L1 protein expression, and validated conclusions on the basis of studies in these mice by analysing intestinal tissues that we collected from Crohn's disease patients carrying the Crohn's disease risk allele of ATG16L1. Here we show that ATG16L1 is a bona fide autophagy protein. Within the ileal epithelium, both ATG16L1 and a second essential autophagy protein ATG5 are selectively important for the biology of the Paneth cell, a specialized epithelial cell that functions in part by secretion of granule contents containing antimicrobial peptides and other proteins that alter the intestinal environment. ATG16L1- and ATG5-deficient Paneth cells exhibited notable abnormalities in the granule exocytosis pathway. In addition, transcriptional analysis revealed an unexpected gain of function specific to ATG16L1-deficient Paneth cells including increased expression of genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling and lipid metabolism, of acute phase reactants and of two adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, known to directly influence intestinal injury responses. Importantly, Crohn's disease patients homozygous for the ATG16L1 Crohn's disease risk allele displayed Paneth cell granule abnormalities similar to those observed in autophagy-protein-deficient mice and expressed increased levels of leptin protein. Thus, ATG16L1, and probably the process of autophagy, have a role within the intestinal epithelium of mice and Crohn's disease patients by selective effects on the cell biology and specialized regulatory properties of Paneth cells.
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Project description:In order to understand the contribution of autophagy and alternative NF-kappaB signalling to transcriptional output in A549 lung cancer cells, RNAi was used to knockdown the expression of core autophagy genes (ATG5, ULK1) or the key subunit of alternative NF-kappaB RELB. Seven samples were prepared for each biological replicate; two sequence independent non-targeting control siRNAs were transfected as a negative control. Three sequence independent siRNAs targeting the core autophagy machinery were transfected (ATG5 si, ATG5 si(2), ULK1 si). N.B. ATG5 si(2) only partially ablates Atg5 protein expression whereas ATG si has greater efficacy. Two sequence independent siRNAs targeting RELB were transfected (RELB si, RELB si(2) ). Three independent biological replicates of all conditions were obtained, by performance of the experiment on different days.
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Project description:Autophagy plays an important role in physiology and tumorigenesis. We and others have demonstrated that Ha-ras overexpression induces autophagy in NIH3T3 cells. Autophagic machinery is regulated by a family of autophagy associated genes (Atg). The inducible Ha-ras oncogene was introduced into mouse embryo fibroblast Atg5 wild type [MEF-Atg5(+/+)] and Atg5 knock-out [MEF-Atg5(-/-)] cells and the stable cell lines MR and M5R were established, respectively. Our results showed that M5R cell induced larger tumor formation compared with MR cells while these two cell lines were subcutaneously injected into SCID mice under Ha-ras overexpression conditions. It indicates that Atg5 is involved in the suppression of Ras-related tumor formation. MicroRNA (miRNA), approximately 22 nucleotide of non-coding RNA, regulates transcription and translation of the target genes and is involved in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. A miRNA microarray (932 probes) screening was conducted to identify the autophagy-tumorigenesis-related miRNAs. Among the significant genes, miR-224 was highly expressed in autophagy deficient cell and it induced tumors. Overexpression miR-224 enhanced the activity of migration and invasion in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. In conclusion, this is the first report to demonstrate that autophagy suppresses tumor formation through down-regulation of microRNA in this case miR-224. MR and M5R cell lines were treated with IPTG for 48 hr. In addition, these cell lines were subcutaneously injected into mice to induce tumor formation. The RNA samples were extracted from above cell lines and tumors. In this research, BEL/ITRI 15K V1.0 miRNA microarray chips were used to evaluate the miRNA expression profile.
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