Expression data from wild type and globally hypomethylated mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) during their differentiation as embyroid bodies
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE36679 | GEO | 2013/02/05
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA153587
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:To analyze the role of DNA methylation during differentiation, we performed genome-wide expression analysis of undifferentiated wild type, dnmt1-/- and triple knock out (TKO; dnmt1-/-, dnmt3a-/-, dnmt3b-/-) ESCs as well as respective embryoid bodies (EBs) at two stages of differentiation We generated EBs from wild type, dnmt1-/- and TKO ESCs using the hanging drop method and performed affymetrix microarray expression analysis at three time points; i) in the undifferentiated ESC state (d0), ii) early EB differentiation (d4) and iii) later EB differentiation stage (d16).
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Project description:Tet enzymes (Tet1/2/3) convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) and are dynamically expressed in various embryonic and adult cell types. While loss of individual Tet enzymes or combined deficiency of Tet1/2 allows for embryogenesis, the effect of complete loss of Tet activity and 5hmC marks in development is not established. We have generated Tet1/2/3 triple knockout (TKO) mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and examined their developmental potential. Combined deficiency of all three Tets depleted 5hmC and impaired ESC differentiation as seen in poorly differentiated TKO embryoid bodies (EBs) and teratomas. Consistent with impaired differentiation, TKO-ESCs contributed poorly to chimeric embryos and could not support embryonic development. Global gene expression and methylome analyses of TKO-EBs revealed promoter hypermethylation and deregulation of genes implicated in embryonic development and differentiation. These findings suggest a requirement for Tet- and 5hmC-mediated DNA demethylation in proper regulation of gene expression during differentiation of ESCs and development. To quantify global gene expression in differentiating embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from wild type (WT) and Tet triple knockout (TKO), TKO and WT mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were differentiated in vitro to EBs and cultured for 10 days. RNA was extracted using Qiagen RNeasy kit and subjected to microarray analysis. Global gene expression profile of two technical replicas of WT embryoid bodies (2 samples in total) was compared to two technical replicas of two independent TKO embryoid bodies (4 TKO samples in total).
2014-04-14 | E-GEOD-55574 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The role of Striatin Interacting Protein 2 (Strip2) in differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is still under debate. Strip2 silenced (KD) ESCs were differentiated for 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. We show that Strip2 is distributed in the perinucleus or nuclei of wild type (WT) undifferentiated ESCs, but is localized in high-density nuclear bodies in differentiated cells. CellNet analysis of microarray gene expression data for KD and scrambled control (SCR) embryoid bodies (EBs), as well as immunostainings of key pluripotent factors, demonstrated that KD ESCs remain undifferentiated. This occurs even in 16-day old EBs, which possessed a high tumorigenic potential. Correlated with very high expression levels of epigenetic regulator genes, Hat1 and Dnmt3, enzymatic activities of the histone acetyltransferase type B (HAT1) and DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3b) were higher in differentiated 16-day old KD EBs than in SCR or WT EBs. The expression levels of let-7, 290 and 302 microRNA families were opposed in KD ESCs, while KD EBs had levels comparable to WT and SCR ESCs during differentiation. This demonstrates that Strip2 is critical to the onset of differentiation, regulating expression of epigenetic regulators, HAT1 and DNMT3b, as well as microRNAs involved in pluripotency.
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Project description:The role of Striatin Interacting Protein 2 (Strip2) in differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is still under debate. Strip2 silenced (KD) ESCs were differentiated for 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. We show that Strip2 is distributed in the perinucleus or nuclei of wild type (WT) undifferentiated ESCs, but is localized in high-density nuclear bodies in differentiated cells. CellNet analysis of microarray gene expression data for KD and scrambled control (SCR) embryoid bodies (EBs), as well as immunostainings of key pluripotent factors, demonstrated that KD ESCs remain undifferentiated. This occurs even in 16-day old EBs, which possessed a high tumorigenic potential. Correlated with very high expression levels of epigenetic regulator genes, Hat1 and Dnmt3, enzymatic activities of the histone acetyltransferase type B (HAT1) and DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3b) were higher in differentiated 16-day old KD EBs than in SCR or WT EBs. The expression levels of let-7, 290 and 302 microRNA families were opposed in KD ESCs, while KD EBs had levels comparable to WT and SCR ESCs during differentiation. This demonstrates that Strip2 is critical to the onset of differentiation, regulating expression of epigenetic regulators, HAT1 and DNMT3b, as well as microRNAs involved in pluripotency. For a more comprehensive understanding of the potential effects of miRNA for heart development, we carried out the first study of time-resolved parallel profiling of mRNA and miRNA levels in the developing and adult (10 weeks old) as well as old (14 months old) murine heart and identify the dynamical activation or repression of numerous biological processes and signalling pathways
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Project description:Tet enzymes (Tet1/2/3) convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) and are dynamically expressed in various embryonic and adult cell types. While loss of individual Tet enzymes or combined deficiency of Tet1/2 allows for embryogenesis, the effect of complete loss of Tet activity and 5hmC marks in development is not established. We have generated Tet1/2/3 triple knockout (TKO) mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and examined their developmental potential. Combined deficiency of all three Tets depleted 5hmC and impaired ESC differentiation as seen in poorly differentiated TKO embryoid bodies (EBs) and teratomas. Consistent with impaired differentiation, TKO-ESCs contributed poorly to chimeric embryos and could not support embryonic development. Global gene expression and methylome analyses of TKO-EBs revealed promoter hypermethylation and deregulation of genes implicated in embryonic development and differentiation. These findings suggest a requirement for Tet- and 5hmC-mediated DNA demethylation in proper regulation of gene expression during differentiation of ESCs and development.
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Project description:Stem cell differentiation is known to involve changes in RNA expression, but little is known about translational control during differentiation. We comprehensively profiled gene expression during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into embyroid bodies (EBs) by integrating conventional transcriptome analysis with global assessment of ribosome loading. Differentiation was accompanied by an anabolic switch, characterized by global increases in transcript abundance, polysome content, protein synthesis rates and protein content. Furthermore, 78% of expressed transcripts showed increased ribosome loading, thereby enhancing translational efficiency. Elevated protein synthesis was accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of eIF-4E binding protein, suggesting regulation by the mTOR pathway. Some transcripts were under exclusive translational control, including Activated Transcription Factor 5 (ATF5) a b-zip transcription factor, Deleted in Colon Cancer (DCC) the tumor suppressor and Wnt1, the beta-catenin agonist. Parsimonious translation in ESCs may provide a layer of quality control to prevent inappropriate gene expression in the pluripotent state. Experiment Overall Design: Embryonic stem cells (ESC) maintained in an undifferentiated state and day-5 Embryoid bodies (EB) were selected for RNA was extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix 430_2 mouse expression arrays. For polysome fractionation, twelve fractions collected from the gradients were combined to form four pools. One ml of each pool (Pools: 1-4) was used for RNA isolation, labeling and hybridization for undifferentiated ESCs (UD1, UD2, UD3 and UD4) and EBs (EB1, EB2, EB3 and EB4). In parallel, total RNA was also isolated from unfractionated lysates for transcript abundance analysis. Three biological replicates of ESCs and EB cultures were used for polysome fractionation and total RNA analysis.
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Project description:mESCs were in vitro differentiated into embryoid bodies under suspension cultured condition and was collected at day 9 of differentiation. Polyadenylated mRNAs of mESCs and EBs were isolated and used to build the sequencing library.
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Project description:To identify potential Elongin A targets during neuronal differentiation of ES cells, a cDNA microarray analysis comparing embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from Elongin A+/+ ES cells and Elongin A-/- ES cells was performed.
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Project description:During embryogenesis, cell specification and tissue formation is directed by the concentration and temporal presentation of morphogens, and similarly, pluripotent embryonic stem cells differentiate in vitro into various phenotypes in response to morphogen treatment. Embryonic stem cells are commonly differentiated as three dimensional spheroids called embryoid bodies (EBs); however, differentiation within EBs is typically heterogeneous and disordered. Here we show that spatiotemporal control of microenvironmental cues embedded directly within EBs enhances the homogeneity, synchrony and organization of differentiation. Degradable polymer microspheres releasing retinoic acid within EBs induce the formation of cystic spheroids closely resembling the early streak mouse embryo, with an exterior of visceral endoderm enveloping an epiblast layer. These results demonstrate that controlled morphogen presentation to stem cells more efficiently directs cell differentiation and tissue formation, thereby improving developmental biology models and enabling the development of regenerative medicine therapies and cell diagnostics.
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Project description:To unravel the molecular mechanism by which HOXB4 promotes the expansion of early hematopoietic progenitors within differentiating ES cells, we analzed the gene expression profiles of embryoid bodies (EBs) in which transcription of HOXB4 had been induced or not induced. A substantial number of the identified HOXB4 target genes are involved in signaling pathways important for controlling self-renewal, maintenance and differentiation of stem cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HOXB4 activity and FGF-signaling are intertwined. HOXB4-mediated expansion of ES cell-derived early progenitors was enhanced by specific and complete inhibition of FGF-receptors. In contrast, the expanding activity of HOXB4 on hematopoietic progenitors in day4-6 embryoid bodies was blunted in the presence of basic FGF (FGF2) indicating a dominant negative effect of FGF-signaling on the earliest hematopoietic cells. Taken together, we show that modulation of FGF signaling is an essential feature of HOXB4 activity in the context of embryonic hematopoiesis. Experiment Overall Design: The Hoxb4i ES cell line (Kyba et al. 2002, Cell 109:29-37) contains an integrated âtet-onâ cassette that allows induction of HOXB4 expression upon treatment with doxycycline. These ES cells can be used to produce hematopoietic cells through the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). Hematopoiesis starts in these EBs at day 4 and the differentiation into hematopoietic fates can be quantified by colony assays on methyl-cellulose using cells dissociated from EBs at day 6 of incubation. The induction of HOXB4 by incubation with doxycycline increases the production of hematopoietic progenitors within EBs by day 6. Using this specific ES cell line, we compared the transcriptome between embryoid bodies (EBs) in which transcription of HOXB4 had been induced or not induced from day 4 to day 6 (48hours). Experiment Overall Design: Biological replicates: 3
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