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Time-course microarray study of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (JEC20xJEC21) sexual development

ABSTRACT: To identify the genome-wide transcriptional changes that occur throughout sexual developmen of C. neoformans, we conducted a time-course microarray experiment spanning six developmental stages to generate a temporal expression pattern for each known gene. C. neoformans a x α co-cultures were grown under sexual development conditions (V8 agar), and RNA was harvested at 0.5, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-mixing. Time points were chosen based on microscopic identification of cell types of interest: fusants, filaments (early and late), basidia, and spores (Figure 1B). Microarray hybridizations were conducted in a loop design, with each sample serving as a reference for the following time point in the experiment (e.g. 0.5 hours vs. 6 hours, 6 hours vs. 12 hours, etc).

ORGANISM(S): Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans

PROVIDER: GSE36977 | GEO | 2012/05/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA157455

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:To identify genes regulated by the homeodomain transcription factors Sxi1M-NM-1 and Sxi2a (Sex Inducer 1M-NM-1 and 2a) in Cryptococcus neoformans, we carried out a whole-genome expression experiment. We performed two independent whole-genome microarray experiments comparing transcript levels in cells that either possessed or were lacking the Sxi proteins. In the first experiment we compared the expression profile of a haploid sxi1M-NM-1M-NM-^T strain to that of a haploid strain expressing both SXI1M-NM-1 and an inducible copy of SXI2a (Sxi +). In the second experiment, we compared the expression profile of a wild type cross (JEC20 x JEC21) to the expression profile of a cross whose mating partners did not possess either of the transcription factors (sxi2aM-bM-^HM-^F x sxi1M-NM-1M-bM-^HM-^F)(Sxi -). In both experiments RNA from each condition was harvested, labeled, and hybridized competitively to a spotted oligonucleotide microarray representing the approximately 6,500 genes in the C. neoformans genome. The resulting data was analyzed in Limma using standard methods. In the Sxi (+) experiment, each strain (M-NM-^Tsxi1M-NM-1 and the Sxi-Inducible strain) were grown overnight in liquid YPD, diluted back to an OD600 of 0.2, grown to log phase, and then switched to growth in liquid YPGal media for 6 hrs. The M-NM-^Tsxi1M-NM-1 strain was designated the control condition. Two biological replicates were used and in the first replicate there were two technical replicates for each dye orientation (4 replicates total). For the second Sxi (+) biological replicate, there were three total technical replicates, and one of those was a dye swap. For Sxi deletion crosses, strains (JEC20 x JEC21 or M-NM-^Tsxi1M-NM-1 x M-NM-^Tsxi2a) were mixed and plated onto V8 media (pH 7.0) and incubated at 22M-BM-0C in the dark for approximately 16 hours. The wild type (JEC20 x JEC21) cross was designated as the control in this experiment. Eight total hybridizations were carried out that consisted of 2 biological replicates and four technical replicates for each biological replicate (2 technical replicates per dye swap).

Project description:Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensing, transport, and metabolism play a pivotal role in survival and proliferation of pathogenic microbes infecting human host from natural environments due to the drastic difference of CO2 levels. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are not only key CO2-metabolic enzymes catalyzing reversible interconversion between CO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3-), but also important CO2-signaling modulators. Cryptococcus neoformans that causes fatal fungal meningitis contains two functional CAs, Can1 and Can2, among which Can2 plays essential roles for growth and sexual differentiation of the pathogen. However, downstream genes and signaling network regulated by CAs have not been studied thus far. In this study, we constructed a C. neoformans strain where CAN2 expression is controlled by the CTR4 (copper transporter) promoter and elucidated its transcriptome patterns by using DNA microarray analysis to elucidate downstream target genes of Can2. Expectedly, the CAN2 promoter replacement strain showed growth defects in a CO2-dependent manner when CAN2 is repressed. The CA-transcriptome analysis discovered a number of Can2-dependent genes, including those involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS1), sexual differentiation (GPB1), capsule structure organization (CAS3), iron-metabolism (CFO2), and a number of stress-regulated genes, including an oxidative stress-responsive Atf1 transcription factor, although a majority of them do not have any orthologs in other fungi. The present study revealed other roles of Atf1 in capsule and melanin production and diverse stress responses, including thermotolerance and antifungal drug resistance, of C. neoformans. This study provides further insights into the signaling network of CA/CO2-sensing pathway in pathogenic fungi. 17 slides are used in this analysis, 3 or 2 biological replicate experiments are performed, total RNAs are extracted from 2 strains (H99 Wild type strain, CTR4::CAN2) at 2 time points (0hr time, 12hr time) in 2 conditions (BCS, CuSO4). We use the mixed all of total RNAs from this experiment as a control RNA. We use Cy5 as Sample dye and Cy3 as a control dye. Several experiment samples are dye swaped.

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Time-course microarray study of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (JEC20xJEC21) sexual development

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