Larval epidermis of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Papilio xuthus
PROVIDER: GSE37920 | GEO | 2012/05/12
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA165701
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of larval epidermis at specific markings were examined using 11 developmental stages. Gene expression level was compared between mimetic white, cryptic thorax, and cryptic abdomen vs. mimetic black, cryptic eyespot, and cryptic V-shaped markings in all stages. For initial screening of marking-specific genes, 6 developmental stages for mimetic pattern, and 5 developmental stages for cryptic pattern was used. Mimetic white, cryptic thorax, and cryptic abdomen were independently labelled with Cyanine 3-CTP (Cy3), and mimetic black, cryptic eyespot, and cryptic V-shaped markings were independently labelled with Cyanine 5-CTP (Cy5) in all stages.
2012-05-11 | E-GEOD-37920 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BACKGROUND: Body coloration is an ecologically important trait that is often involved in prey-predator interactions through mimicry and crypsis. Although this subject has attracted the interest of biologists and the general public, our scientific knowledge on the subject remains fragmentary. In the caterpillar of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus, spectacular changes in the color pattern are observed; the insect mimics bird droppings (mimetic pattern) as a young larva, and switches to a green camouflage coloration (cryptic pattern) in the final instar. Despite the wide variety and significance of larval color patterns, few studies have been conducted at a molecular level compared with the number of studies on adult butterfly wing patterns. RESULTS: To obtain a catalog of genes involved in larval mimetic and cryptic pattern formation, we constructed expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries of larval epidermis for P. xuthus, and P. polytes that contained 20,736 and 5,376 clones, respectively, representing one of the largest collections available in butterflies. A comparison with silkworm epidermal EST information revealed the high expression of putative blue and yellow pigment-binding proteins in Papilio species. We also designed a microarray from the EST dataset information, analyzed more than five stages each for six markings, and confirmed spatial expression patterns by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Hence, we succeeded in elucidating many novel marking-specific genes for mimetic and cryptic pattern formation, including pigment-binding protein genes, the melanin-associated gene yellow-h3, the ecdysteroid synthesis enzyme gene 3-dehydroecdysone 3b-reductase, and Papilio-specific genes. We also found many cuticular protein genes with marking specificity that may be associated with the unique surface nanostructure of the markings. Furthermore, we identified two transcription factors, spalt and ecdysteroid signal-related E75, as genes expressed in larval eyespot markings. This finding suggests that E75 is a strong candidate mediator of the hormone-dependent coordination of larval pattern formation. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the most comprehensive molecular analyses of complicated morphological features, and it will serve as a new resource for studying insect mimetic and cryptic pattern formation in general. The wide variety of marking-associated genes (both regulatory and structural genes) identified by our screening indicates that a similar strategy will be effective for understanding other complex traits.
| S-EPMC3386895 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Female BALB/c nude mice (n=3/group) were subjected to partial body irradiation under anesthesia using 2 Gy external photon (4 MV, nominal) irradiation. In group A, the collum (i.e. the thyroid) was irradiated; in group B, thorax+abdomen were irradiated, and in group C, collum+thorax+abdomen were irradiated. The control group (n=5) was anesthetized but not irradiated. At 24 h after treatment, the kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen, and thyroid were excised, flash-frozen, and stored at -80°C. Total RNA was extracted from homogenized tissue samples (kidney cortex and kidney medulla were treated separately) and subjected to expression analysis using RNA microarray technology.
2016-03-31 | GSE66372 | GEO
Project description:Data from whole-body, head, thorax, abdomen, ovaries, testes and accessory glands was used to assess possible causes of a non-random distribution of sex-biased genes (sexually dimorphic expression). All samples were derived from virgin adult flies.
2013-11-05 | GSE45801 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Sexually dimorphic phenotypes arise largely from sex-specific gene expression, which has mainly been characterized in sexually naïve adults. However, we expect sexual dimorphism in transcription to be dynamic and dependent on factors such as reproductive status. Mating induces many behavioral and physiological changes distinct to each sex and is therefore expected to activate regulatory changes in many sex-biased genes. Methods: Using RNA-seq we first characterized sexual dimorphism in gene expression, for the first time in Callosobruchus maculatus seed beetles. We then examined how females and males respond to mating and how it affects sex-biased expression, both in more sex-limited (abdomen) and sex-shared (head and thorax) tissues. Results: Mating responses were largely sex-specific and, as expected, females showed more numerous changes compared to males. Of the sex-biased genes present in virgins, 16% (1,041 genes) in the abdomen and 17% (243 genes) in the head and thorax altered their relative expression between the sexes. Sex-bias status changed in 2% of the genes in the abdomen and 4% in the head and thorax following mating. Mating responses involved de-feminization of females and, to a lesser extent, de-masculinization of males relative to their virgin state: mating decreased rather than increased dimorphic expression of sex-biased genes.
2016-12-23 | GSE92855 | GEO
Project description:Many insects' motion vision is achromatic and thus dependent on brightness rather than on colour contrast. We investigate whether this is true of the butterfly Papilio xuthus, an animal noted for its complex retinal organization, by measuring head movements of restrained animals in response to moving two-colour patterns. Responses were never eliminated across a range of relative colour intensities, indicating that motion can be detected through chromatic contrast in the absence of luminance contrast. Furthermore, we identify an interaction between colour and contrast polarity in sensitivity to achromatic patterns, suggesting that ON and OFF contrasts are processed by two channels with different spectral sensitivities. We propose a model of the motion detection process in the retina/lamina based on these observations.
| S-EPMC4650181 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim was to profile the gene expression responses of males to divergent selection on larval diets, using two different dietary regimes (sucrose-based ASG 'A' diet, versus starch-based Starch 'S' diet). 3 x replicated populations of medfly originating from the same base strain were set up on each of these two regimes (adult nutrition was standardised) and maintained. At generation 62, the flies were subjected to two generations of rearing on a glucose common garden diet (to standardise rearing to minimise proximate nutritional effects and minimise maternal carry over). Adult males reared under these standardised conditions were then snap frozen at 7 days post eclosion. The head-thorax and abdomen body parts of these males were then subjected to mRNA-seq. The overall aim was to describe the evolved differences in gene expression associated with the divergent larval diets.
2019-05-14 | GSE86029 | GEO
Project description:Female BALB/c nude mice (n=3/group) were subjected to partial body irradiation under anesthesia using 2 Gy external photon (4 MV, nominal) irradiation. In group A, the collum (i.e. the thyroid) was irradiated; in group B, thorax+abdomen were irradiated, and in group C, collum+thorax+abdomen were irradiated. The control group (n=5) was anesthetized but not irradiated. At 24 h after treatment, the kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen, and thyroid were excised, flash-frozen, and stored at -80°C. Total RNA was extracted from homogenized tissue samples (kidney cortex and kidney medulla were treated separately) and subjected to expression analysis using RNA microarray technology. The study consisted of 3 irradiated groups with 3 animals each and one non-irradiated control group with 5 animals. Six tissues were analyzed per animal, each sample was analyzed individually, i.e. no samples were pooled.
2016-03-31 | E-GEOD-66372 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We recorded the thorax widths of 90 drones and subjected them to heat shock or control treatments. We then investigated relationships between post-treatment abdomen protein expression and body size x treatment interactions.
| MSV000092842 | MassIVE
Project description:Batesian mimicry protects animals from predators through resemblance with distasteful models in shape, color pattern, or behavior. To elucidate the wing coloration mechanisms involved in the mimicry, we investigated chemical composition and gene expression of the pale yellow and red pigments of a swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes, whose females mimic the unpalatable butterfly Pachliopta aristolochiae. Using LC/MS, we showed that the pale yellow wing regions in non-mimetic females consist of kynurenine and N-β-alanyldopamine (NBAD). Moreover, qRT-PCR showed that kynurenine/NBAD biosynthetic genes were upregulated in these regions in non-mimetic females. However, these pigments were absent in mimetic females. RNA-sequencing showed that kynurenine/NBAD synthesis and Toll signaling genes were upregulated in the red spots specific to mimetic female wings. These results demonstrated that drastic changes in gene networks in the red and pale yellow regions can switch wing color patterns between non-mimetic and mimetic females of P. polytes.
| S-EPMC3822385 | biostudies-literature