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Very moderate exercise training; variations in stress and toxicity gene expression in rat hearts.

ABSTRACT: Array analysis of a set of 96 stress and toxicity genes was carried out in left ventricular cardiomyocytes from 8 control and 7 trained rats. The training protocol was very gradual and mild. Animals were sacrificed 48 hrs after the last training session in order to evaluate gene expression during the "second window of cardioprotection". Array results were validated by Real Time PCR of selected genes and Western Blot analysis of selected proteins. Plasma MDA and resistance to ischemia/reperfusion were evaluated as well. A total of 11 genes were found to be upregulated by moderate exercise, 3 to be downregulated. MDA was found to be increased in plasma of trained rats. Myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion was found to be improved in trained rats with respect to controls. Results suggest that such a pattern of mild training does at the same time elicit stress responses, but also the upregulation of a number of defensive genes, that are likely to constitute the core of the adaptive mechanisms. Keywords: exercise training-related stress response and cardioprotection

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE3904 | GEO | 2005/12/28

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA94159

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The effects of exercise on the heart and its resistance to disease are well-documented. Recent studies have identified exercise-induced resistance to arrhythmia is due to the preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential. To identify novel metabolic changes that occurred parallel to these mitochondrial alterations, we performed non-targeted metabolomics analysis on hearts from sedentary (Sed) and exercise- trained (Ex) rats challenged with isolated heart ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R). Eight weeks old Sprague- Dawley rats were treadmill trained five days/week for six weeks (exercise duration and intensity progressively increased to 1 hour at 30 m/min up to 10.5% incline, 75-80% VO2mx). The recovery of pre-ischemic function for sedentary rat hearts was 28.8+/-5.4% (N=12) compared to exercise trained hearts which recovered 51.9%+/-5.7 (N=14)(p<0.001). Non-targeted GC-MS metabolomics analysis of 1) Sedentary rat hearts; 2) Exercise-trained rat hearts; 3) Sedentary rat hearts challenged with global ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; and 4) Exercise-trained rat hearts challeged with global I/R (10/group) revealed 20 statistically significant metabolites between groups by ANOVA using Metaboanalyst (p<0.001). Enrichment analysis of these metabolites for pathway-associated metabolic sets indicated a >10 fold enrichment for ammonia recycling and protein biosynthesis (L-Glutamic acid; L-Proline; L-Histidine; L-Serine; L-Aspartic acid; L-Glutamine)(p<=4.05E-05, FDR=0.0024). Subsequent comparison of the sedentary hearts post-I/R and exercise-trained hearts post-I/R further identified significant differences in metabolites related to Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism (4) (p<=1.24E-05, FDR<=5.07E-4). These studies shed light on novel mechanisms in which exercise-induced cardioprotection occurs in I/R which complement both the mitochondrial stabilization and antioxidant mechanisms recently described. These findings also link protein synthesis and protein degradation (protein quality control mechanisms) with exercise-linked cardioprotection and mitochondrial susceptibility for the first time in cardiac I/R.

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Very moderate exercise training; variations in stress and toxicity gene expression in rat hearts.

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