Replication-coupled passive DNA demethylation for the erasure of genome imprints in mice
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE40412 | GEO | 2013/03/04
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA173895
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Genome-wide DNA demethylation, including the erasure of genome imprints, in primordial germ cells (PGCs), is critical as a first step for creating the totipotent epigenome in the germ line. Here, we provide evidence that contrary to the prevailing model involving active DNA demethylation, imprint erasure in mouse PGCs occurs in a manner consistent with replication-coupled passive DNA demethylation: PGCs erase imprints during their rapid proliferation with little de novo as well as maintenance DNA methylation potential and no major chromatin alterations. Our findings necessitate the re-evaluation of and provide novel insights into the mechanism of genome-wide DNA demethylation in PGCs. We performed expression analysis of primordial germ cells (PGCs) at embryonic days 10.5-13.5. Because the number of PGCs available at these stages were low, cDNAs were amplified by the method that we previously published (Kurimoto et al. 2006, NAR 34: e42 (PMID 16547197)). To include analysis of PGC gene expression at E9.5, we re-normalized the data from our E9.5 PGC samples (GSM744103, GSM744104) from our previous publication (Hayashi et al., 2011, Cell 146: 519-32 (PMD 21820164)) together with the data from this submission.
2013-03-04 | E-GEOD-40412 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epigenetic reprogramming including demethylation of DNA occurs in mammalian primordial germ cells (PGCs) and in early embryos, and is important for the erasure of imprints and epimutations, and the return to pluripotency. The extent of this reprogramming and its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We previously showed that the cytidine deaminases Aid and Apobec1 can deaminate 5-methylcytosine in vitro and in E coli, and in the mouse are expressed in tissues in which demethylation occurs. Here we profiled DNA methylation throughout the genome by unbiased bisulfite Next Generation Sequencing (BS-Seq) in wildtype and Aid deficient PGCs at E13.5. Wildtype PGCs revealed dramatic genome-wide erasure of methylation to a level below that of methylation deficient (Np95-/-) ES cells, with female PGCs being less methylated than male ones. By contrast, Aid deficient PGCs were up to three times more methylated than wildtype ones; this substantial difference occurred throughout the genome, with introns, intergenic regions and transposons being relatively more methylated than exons. Relative hypermethylation in Aid deficient PGCs was confirmed by analysis of individual loci in the genome. Our results reveal that erasure of DNA methylation in the germ line is a global process, hence limiting the potential for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Aid deficiency interferes with genome-wide erasure of DNA methylation patterns, suggesting that Aid has a critical function in epigenetic reprogramming and potentially in restricting the inheritance of epimutations in mammals. Comparison of methylation in wild-type and Aid deficient mouse tissues
2010-01-26 | E-GEOD-19960 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epigenetic reprogramming including demethylation of DNA occurs in mammalian primordial germ cells (PGCs) and in early embryos, and is important for the erasure of imprints and epimutations, and the return to pluripotency. The extent of this reprogramming and its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We previously showed that the cytidine deaminases Aid and Apobec1 can deaminate 5-methylcytosine in vitro and in E coli, and in the mouse are expressed in tissues in which demethylation occurs. Here we profiled DNA methylation throughout the genome by unbiased bisulfite Next Generation Sequencing (BS-Seq) in wildtype and Aid deficient PGCs at E13.5. Wildtype PGCs revealed dramatic genome-wide erasure of methylation to a level below that of methylation deficient (Np95-/-) ES cells, with female PGCs being less methylated than male ones. By contrast, Aid deficient PGCs were up to three times more methylated than wildtype ones; this substantial difference occurred throughout the genome, with introns, intergenic regions and transposons being relatively more methylated than exons. Relative hypermethylation in Aid deficient PGCs was confirmed by analysis of individual loci in the genome. Our results reveal that erasure of DNA methylation in the germ line is a global process, hence limiting the potential for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Aid deficiency interferes with genome-wide erasure of DNA methylation patterns, suggesting that Aid has a critical function in epigenetic reprogramming and potentially in restricting the inheritance of epimutations in mammals.
2010-01-26 | GSE19960 | GEO
Project description:The methylcytosine oxidase TET proteins play important roles in DNA demethylation and development. However, it remains elusive how exactly they target substrates and execute oxidation. Interestingly, we found that in mice, the full-length TET1 isoform (TET1e) is restricted to early embryos, ESCs and PGCs. By contrast, a short isoform (TET1s) is preferentially expressed in somatic cells which lacks the N-terminus including the CXXC domain, a DNA-binding module that often recognizes CpG islands (CGIs) where TET1 predominantly occupies. Unexpectedly, TET1s can still bind CGIs, despite the fact that its global chromatin binding is significantly reduced. Interestingly, the global chromatin binding, but not the targeted binding at CGIs, is correlated with TET1 mediated demethylation. Finally, mice with exclusive expression of Tet1s failed to erase imprints in PGCs and displayed developmental defects in progeny. These data show that isoform switch of TET1 regulates epigenetic memory erasure and mouse development.
2016-12-01 | GSE77453 | GEO
Project description:The expansion of primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors for the oocytes and spermatozoa, is a key challenge in reproductive biology/medicine. Using a chemical screening exploiting PGC‐like cells (PGCLCs) induced from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we here identify key signaling pathways critical for PGCLC proliferation. We show that the combinatorial application of Forskolin and Rolipram, which stimulate cAMP signaling via different mechanisms, expands PGCLCs up to ~50‐fold in culture. The expanded PGCLCs maintain robust capacity for spermatogenesis, rescuing the fertility of infertile mice. Strikingly, during expansion, PGCLCs comprehensively erase their DNA methylome, including parental imprints, in a manner that precisely recapitulates genome‐wide DNA demethylation in gonadal germ cells, while essentially maintaining their identity as sexually uncommitted PGCs, apparently through appropriate histone modifications. By establishing a paradigm for PGCLC expansion, our system reconstitutes the epigenetic “blank slate” of the germ line, an immediate precursory state for sexually dimorphic differentiation.
2017-05-30 | GSE87644 | GEO
Project description:The expansion of primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors for the oocytes and spermatozoa, is a key challenge in reproductive biology/medicine. Using a chemical screening exploiting PGC‐like cells (PGCLCs) induced from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we here identify key signaling pathways critical for PGCLC proliferation. We show that the combinatorial application of Forskolin and Rolipram, which stimulate cAMP signaling via different mechanisms, expands PGCLCs up to ~50‐fold in culture. The expanded PGCLCs maintain robust capacity for spermatogenesis, rescuing the fertility of infertile mice. Strikingly, during expansion, PGCLCs comprehensively erase their DNA methylome, including parental imprints, in a manner that precisely recapitulates genome‐wide DNA demethylation in gonadal germ cells, while essentially maintaining their identity as sexually uncommitted PGCs, apparently through appropriate histone modifications. By establishing a paradigm for PGCLC expansion, our system reconstitutes the epigenetic “blank slate” of the germ line, an immediate precursory state for sexually dimorphic differentiation.
2017-05-30 | GSE87645 | GEO
Project description:Genomic imprinting is an allele-specific gene expression system important for mammalian development and function. The molecular basis of genomic imprinting is allele-specific DNA methylation 2. While it is well known that the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a/b are responsible for the establishment of genomic imprinting, how the methylation mark is erased during primordial germ cell (PGC) reprogramming remains a mystery. Here we report that Tet1 plays a critical role in the erasure of genomic imprinting. We show that despite their identical genotype, progenies derived from mating between Tet1-KO males and wild-type females exhibit a number of variable phenotypes including placental, fetal and postnatal growth defects, and early embryonic lethality. These defects are, at least in part, caused by the dysregulation of imprinted genes, such as Peg10 and Peg3, which exhibit aberrant hypermethylation in the paternal allele of differential methylated regions (DMRs). RNA-seq reveals extensive dysregulation of imprinted genes in the next generation due to paternal functional loss of Tet1. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of E13.5 PGCs and sperm derived from Tet1-KO mice reveals hypermethylation of DMRs of imprinted genes in sperm, which can be traced back to PGCs. Dynamics of methylation change in Tet1-affected sites suggested that Tet1 swipes remaining methylation including imprinted genes at late reprogramming stage. We also revealed that Tet1play a role in paternal imprinting erasure in females germline. Thus, our study establishes a critical function for Tet1 in the erasure of genomic imprinting. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of E13.5 PGCs from control and Tet1-KO mice
2013-12-02 | E-GEOD-49762 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Genomic imprinting is an allele-specific gene expression system important for mammalian development and function. The molecular basis of genomic imprinting is allele-specific DNA methylation 2. While it is well known that the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a/b are responsible for the establishment of genomic imprinting, how the methylation mark is erased during primordial germ cell (PGC) reprogramming remains a mystery. Here we report that Tet1 plays a critical role in the erasure of genomic imprinting. We show that despite their identical genotype, progenies derived from mating between Tet1-KO males and wild-type females exhibit a number of variable phenotypes including placental, fetal and postnatal growth defects, and early embryonic lethality. These defects are, at least in part, caused by the dysregulation of imprinted genes, such as Peg10 and Peg3, which exhibit aberrant hypermethylation in the paternal allele of differential methylated regions (DMRs). RNA-seq reveals extensive dysregulation of imprinted genes in the next generation due to paternal functional loss of Tet1. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of E13.5 PGCs and sperm derived from Tet1-KO mice reveals hypermethylation of DMRs of imprinted genes in sperm, which can be traced back to PGCs. Dynamics of methylation change in Tet1-affected sites suggested that Tet1 swipes remaining methylation including imprinted genes at late reprogramming stage. We also revealed that Tet1play a role in paternal imprinting erasure in females germline. Thus, our study establishes a critical function for Tet1 in the erasure of genomic imprinting. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of sperm derived from control and Tet1-KO mice
2013-12-02 | E-GEOD-49763 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Naive pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ cells (EGCs) are derived from the preimplantation epiblast and primordial germ cells (PGCs), respectively. We investigated whether differences exist between ESCs and EGCs, in view of their distinct developmental origins. PGCs are programmed to undergo global DNA demethylation; however, we find that EGCs and ESCs exhibit equivalent global DNA methylation levels. Importantly, inhibition of Erk and Gsk3b by 2i conditions leads to pronounced reduction in DNA methylation in both cell types. This is driven by Prdm14 and is associated with downregulation of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. However, genomic imprints are maintained in 2i, and we report derivation of EGCs with intact genomic imprints. Collectively, our findings establish that culture in 2i instills a naive pluripotent state with a distinctive epigenetic configuration that parallels molecular features observed in both the preimplantation epiblast and nascent PGCs.
2013-02-17 | GSE43398 | GEO
Project description:Genomic imprinting is an allele-specific gene expression system important for mammalian development and function. The molecular basis of genomic imprinting is allele-specific DNA methylation 2. While it is well known that the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a/b are responsible for the establishment of genomic imprinting, how the methylation mark is erased during primordial germ cell (PGC) reprogramming remains a mystery. Here we report that Tet1 plays a critical role in the erasure of genomic imprinting. We show that despite their identical genotype, progenies derived from mating between Tet1-KO males and wild-type females exhibit a number of variable phenotypes including placental, fetal and postnatal growth defects, and early embryonic lethality. These defects are, at least in part, caused by the dysregulation of imprinted genes, such as Peg10 and Peg3, which exhibit aberrant hypermethylation in the paternal allele of differential methylated regions (DMRs). RNA-seq reveals extensive dysregulation of imprinted genes in the next generation due to paternal functional loss of Tet1. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of E13.5 PGCs and sperm derived from Tet1-KO mice reveals hypermethylation of DMRs of imprinted genes in sperm, which can be traced back to PGCs. Dynamics of methylation change in Tet1-affected sites suggested that Tet1 swipes remaining methylation including imprinted genes at late reprogramming stage. We also revealed that Tet1play a role in paternal imprinting erasure in females germline. Thus, our study establishes a critical function for Tet1 in the erasure of genomic imprinting. Gene expression analysis of E9.5 embryos
2013-12-02 | E-GEOD-49761 | biostudies-arrayexpress