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DNA repair genes: Alternative transcription and gene expression at the exon level in response to the DNA damaging agent, ionizing radiation

ABSTRACT: DNA repair is an essential cellular process required to maintain genomic stability. Every cell is subjected to thousands of DNA lesions daily under normal changes in transcription. Transcription is a primary process where protein amount and function can be regulated. One aspect of the transcriptional IR response that little is known about on a whole genome basis is alternative transcription. These investigations focus on the response to IR at the exon level in human cells but also at the whole gene level. Whole genome exon arrays were utilized to comprehensively characterize radiation-induced transcriptional expression products in two human cell types, namely EBV-transformed lymphoblast and primary fibroblast cell lines.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE41840 | GEO | 2012/10/26

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA178300

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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DNA repair genes: Alternative transcription and gene expression at the exon level in response to the DNA damaging agent, ionizing radiation

Project description:DNA repair is an essential cellular process required to maintain genomic stability. Every cell is subjected to thousands of DNA lesions daily under normal changes in transcription. Transcription is a primary process where protein amount and function can be regulated. One aspect of the transcriptional IR response that little is known about on a whole genome basis is alternative transcription. These investigations focus on the response to IR at the exon level in human cells but also at the whole gene level. Whole genome exon arrays were utilized to comprehensively characterize radiation-induced transcriptional expression products in two human cell types, namely EBV-transformed lymphoblast and primary fibroblast cell lines. 12 human primary fibroblast cell lines and 12 primary lymphoblast cell line samples were used for two doses (0 and 10 Gy) and two time points (0 and 4hr). Additional doses ( 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 5 Gy, and 20 Gy) and time points ( 1hr, 2hr, 8hr, 24hr and 48hr) were assessed in four primary lymphoblast cell lines and four primary fibroblasts.

2012-10-26 | E-GEOD-41840 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The response to ionizing radiation at the exon level

Project description:Humans are exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) from background radiation, medical treatments, occupational and accidental exposures. IR causes profound changes in transcription. Transcription is a primary process where protein amount and function can be regulated. One aspect of the transcriptional IR response that little is known about on a whole genome basis is alternative transcription. These investigations focus on the response to IR at the exon level in human cells but also at the whole gene level. Whole genome exon arrays were utilized to comprehensively characterize radiation-induced transcriptional expression products in two human cell types, namely EBV-transformed lymphoblast and primary fibroblast cell lines. 12 human primary fibroblast cell lines and 12 primary lymphoblast cell line samples were used for two doses (0 and 10 Gy) and two time points (0 and 4hr). Additional doses ( 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 5 Gy, and 20 Gy) and time points ( 1hr, 2hr, 8hr, 24hr and 48hr) were assessed in four lymphoblast cell lines and four primary fibroblasts.

2011-05-02 | E-GEOD-26841 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The response to ionizing radiation at the exon level

2011-05-02 | GSE26841 | GEO

ATM Requirement in Gene Expression Responses to Ionizing Radiation in Human Lymphoblasts and Fibroblasts

Project description:Investigation of ATM-dependent and dose-dependent, or -independent, responses were examined in human lymphoblast cells 6 hr following exposure to either 1 or 5 Gy ionizing radiation. Human lymphoblast cells from "apparently healthy" individuals and individuals with Ataxia telangiectasia were exposed to 1 Gy or 5 Gy ionizing radiation. Gene expression responses 6 hr following IR were examined. Untreated samples were hybridized together with their matched treated samples.

2010-07-01 | E-GEOD-3174 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA repair genes: alternative transcription and gene expression at the exon level in response to the DNA damaging agent, ionizing radiation.

Project description:DNA repair is an essential cellular process required to maintain genomic stability. Every cell is subjected to thousands of DNA lesions daily under normal physiological conditions. Ionizing radiation (IR) is a major DNA damaging agent that can be produced by both natural and man-made sources. A common source of radiation exposure is through its use in medical diagnostics or treatments such as for cancer radiotherapy where relatively high doses are received by patients. To understand the detailed DNA repair gene transcription response to high dose IR, gene expression exon array studies have been performed and the response to radiation in two divergent cell types, lymphoblastoid cell lines and primary fibroblasts, has been examined. These exon arrays detect expression levels across the entire gene, and have the advantage of high sensitivity and the ability to identify alternative transcripts. We found a selection of DNA repair genes, including some not previously reported, that are modulated in response to radiation. Detailed dose and time course kinetics of DNA repair transcription was conducted and results have been validated utilizing PCR methods. Alternative transcription products in response to IR were identified in several DNA repair genes including RRM2B and XPC where alternative initiation sites were found. These investigations have advanced the knowledge about the transcriptional response of DNA repair.

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Assessing the DNA Damaging Effectiveness of Ionizing Radiation Using Plasmid DNA

Project description:Plasmid DNA is useful for investigating the DNA damaging effects of ionizing radiation. In this study, we have explored the feasibility of plasmid DNA-based detectors to assess the DNA damaging effectiveness of two radiotherapy X-ray beam qualities after undergoing return shipment of ~8000 km between two institutions. The detectors consisted of

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DNA damaging agent-based antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy.

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Dose dependent transcriptional response to ionizing radiation is orchestrated with DNA repair within the nuclear space [4C-seq]

Project description:Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumor. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces dose- specific variations in transcriptional programs, implicating they are tightly regulated and critical components in the tumor response and survival. Yet, our understanding of the downstream molecular events triggered by lethal vs sublethal IR doses is limited. Herein, we report that variations in the genetic programs are positively and functionally correlated with the exposure to lethal or sublethal IR doses. Genome architecture analysis revealed that gene regulation is spatially and temporally coordinated with DNA repair kinetics. Radiation-activated genes were pre-positioned in active sub-nuclear compartments and were up-regulated following DNA damage response, while the DNA repair activity shifted to the inactive heterochromatic spatial compartments. The IR dose affected the levels of DNA damage repair and transcription modulation, but not the order of events, which was linked to their spatial nuclear positioning. Thus, distinct coordinated temporal dynamics of DNA damage repair and transcription reprogramming in the active and inactive sub-nuclear compartments highlight the importance of high-order genome organization in synchronizing the molecular events following IR.

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Dose dependent transcriptional response to ionizing radiation is orchestrated with DNA repair within the nuclear space [RNA-seq]

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Loss of Caenorhabditis elegans UNG-1 uracil-DNA glycosylase affects apoptosis in response to DNA damaging agents.

Project description:The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used extensively to study responses to DNA damage. In contrast, little is known about DNA repair in this organism. C. elegans is unusual in that it encodes few DNA glycosylases and the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) encoded by the ung-1 gene is the only known UDG. C. elegans could therefore become a valuable model organism for studies of the genetic interaction networks involving base excision repair (BER). As a first step towards characterization of BER in C. elegans, we show that the UNG-1 protein is an active uracil-DNA glycosylase. We demonstrate that an ung-1 mutant has reduced ability to repair uracil-containing DNA but that an alternative Ugi-inhibited activity is present in ung-1 nuclear extracts. Finally, we demonstrate that ung-1 mutants show altered levels of apoptotic cell corpses formed in response to DNA damaging agents. Increased apoptosis in the ung-1 mutant in response to ionizing radiation (IR) suggests that UNG-1 contributes to repair of IR-induced DNA base damage in vivo. Following treatment with paraquat however, the apoptotic corpse-formation was reduced. Gene expression profiling suggests that this phenotype is a consequence of compensatory transcriptomic shifts that modulate oxidative stress responses in the mutant and not an effect of reduced DNA damage signaling. C. elegans RNAi mutants deficient in ung-1 and the corresponding wild-type N2, were subjected to Affymetrix whole C. elegans genome microarrays. Triplicates were run for each sample group.

2010-06-08 | E-GEOD-21467 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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