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Floral transition in maize infected with Sporisorium reilianum disrupts compatibility with this biotrophic fungal pathogen

ABSTRACT: Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae is an important biotrophic pathogen that causes head smut disease in maize. Head smut is not obvious until the tassels and ears emerge. S. reilianum has a very long life cycle that spans almost the entire developmental program of maize after the pathogen successfully invades the root. The aim of this study was to understand at a molecular level how this pathogen interacts with the host during its long life cycle, and how this interaction differs between susceptible and resistant varieties of maize after hyphal invasion. We investigated transcriptional changes in the resistant maize line Mo17 at four developmental stages using a maize 70mer-oligonucleotide microarray. We found that there was a lengthy compatible relationship between the pathogen and host until the early 8th-leaf stage. The resistance in Mo17 relied on the assignment of auxins and regulation of flavonoids in the early floral primordium during the early floral transition stage. We propose a model describing the putative mechanism of head smut resistance in Mo17 during floral transition. In the model, the synergistic regulations among auxins, flavonoids, and hyphal growth play a key role in maintaining compatibility with S. reilianum in the resistant maize line

ORGANISM(S): Zea mays Zea mays subsp. mays

PROVIDER: GSE41916 | GEO | 2013/01/29

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA178505

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Floral transition in maize infected with Sporisorium reilianum disrupts compatibility with this biotrophic fungal pathogen

Project description:Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae is an important biotrophic pathogen that causes head smut disease in maize. Head smut is not obvious until the tassels and ears emerge. S. reilianum has a very long life cycle that spans almost the entire developmental program of maize after the pathogen successfully invades the root. The aim of this study was to understand at a molecular level how this pathogen interacts with the host during its long life cycle, and how this interaction differs between susceptible and resistant varieties of maize after hyphal invasion. We investigated transcriptional changes in the resistant maize line Mo17 at four developmental stages using a maize 70mer-oligonucleotide microarray. We found that there was a lengthy compatible relationship between the pathogen and host until the early 8th-leaf stage. The resistance in Mo17 relied on the assignment of auxins and regulation of flavonoids in the early floral primordium during the early floral transition stage. We propose a model describing the putative mechanism of head smut resistance in Mo17 during floral transition. In the model, the synergistic regulations among auxins, flavonoids, and hyphal growth play a key role in maintaining compatibility with S. reilianum in the resistant maize line After inoculation using the hyphae of S. reilianum, the shoot apexes of inoculated Mo17 (resistant maize line) that contained hyphae but displayed normal morphology were collected for RNA extraction at at four vegetative stages; the 2nd-, 4th-, 6th-, and 8th-leaf stages. RNA samples from mock-inoculated and inocultated Mo17 were hybridized to the 46K maize 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray. Hybridization was performed in three biological replicates with Cy5/Cy3 dye swap as technical replicates.

2013-01-29 | E-GEOD-41916 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Digital gene expression analysis of early root infection of Sporisorium reilianum f.sp.zeae in maize based on susceptible and resistant lines

Project description:The maize smut fungus, Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae, which is an important biotrophic pathogen responsible for extensive crop losses, infects maize by invading the root during the early seedling stage. In order to investigate disease-resistance mechanisms at this early seedling stage, digital gene expression (DGE) analysis, which applies a dual-enzyme approach (DpnII and NlaIII), was used to identify the transcriptional changes in roots of Huangzao4 (susceptible) and Mo17 (resistant) after inoculation with teliospores of S. reilianum. Before and after inoculation, pathogenesis-related genes were differentially regulated and enzymes involved in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels showed different activity between Huangzao4 and Mo17, which can potentially lead to changes in the growth of S. reilianum and ROS production in maize. Moreover, lignin depositions of roots were also changed differentially during root colonization of hyphae between Huangzao4 and Mo17. These results suggest that the interplays between S. reilianum and maize during the early infection stage involve many interesting transcriptional and physiological changes, which offer several novel insights for understanding the mechanisms of resistance to the fungal infection.

2012-12-03 | GSE40952 | GEO

Digital gene expression analysis of early root infection of Sporisorium reilianum f.sp.zeae in maize based on susceptible and resistant lines

2012-12-03 | E-GEOD-40952 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from Maize leaves post inoculation of Sporisorium reilianum.

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Expression data from Maize leaves post inoculation of Sporisorium reilianum.

Project description:Head smut of maize, which is caused by the Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. Zeae (Kühn), has been a serious disease in maize. In order to find head smut resistant candidate genes, microarrays were used to monitor the gene expression profiles between disease resistant near isogenic lines (NIL) L282 and L43, highly resistant inbred line Q319 and highly susceptible inbred line Huangzao4 after 0 to7 days post inoculation of S.reiliana by artificial inoculation method. Maize leaves were selected at 0d, 1d, 2d, 4d, 7d post inoculation for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We sought to obtain different expression genes of different varieties at each inoculation stage in order to find head smut resistant candidate genes.

2012-08-16 | E-GEOD-40052 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Sporisorium reilianum Infection Changes Inflorescence and Branching Architectures of Maize

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Transcriptome of two maize lines seedlings show resistance and susceptible to corn smut during infection of Ustilago maydis

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Sporisorium reilianum Infection Changes Inflorescence and Branching Architectures of Maize

Project description:S. reilianum triggered loss of organ and meristem identity, and loss of meristem determinacy in male and female inflorescences and flowers. Microarray analysis showed that these developmental changes were accompanied with transcriptional regulation of genes proposed to regulate floral organ and meristem identity, and meristem determinacy in maize. Infected ears were compared with mock infected ears. Each treatment had 3 biological replicates Disease: S. reilianum-infected ears with elongated kernel: Zm_Sr5_15_2_Leafy ears4weeks_I, Zm_Sr5_15_2_Leafy ears4weeks_II, Zm_Sr5_15_2_Leafy ears4weeks_III Disease: Mock infected ears at: Zm_Sr5_15_2_Mock4weeks_I, Zm_Sr5_15_2_Mock4weeks_II, Zm_Sr5_15_2_Mock4weeks_III biological replicate: Zm_Sr5_15_2_Leafy ears4weeks_I, Zm_Sr5_15_2_Leafy ears4weeks_II, Zm_Sr5_15_2_Leafy ears4weeks_III biological replicate: Zm_Sr5_15_2_Mock4weeks_I, Zm_Sr5_15_2_Mock4weeks_II, Zm_Sr5_15_2_Mock4weeks_III

2011-08-31 | E-GEOD-29747 | biostudies-arrayexpress