Project description:In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase activates genes required for proliferation and silences genes that promote differentiation. Here we show that the class II histone deacetylase Hdac6 co-purifies with Tip60-p400 complex from ESCs. Hdac6 is necessary for regulation of most Tip60-p400 target genes, particularly those repressed by the complex. Unlike differentiated cells, where Hdac6 is mainly cytoplasmic, Hdac6 is largely nuclear in ESCs, neural stem cells (NSCs), and some cancer cell lines, and interacts with Tip60-p400 in each. Hdac6 localizes to promoters bound by Tip60-p400 in ESCs, binding downstream of transcription start sites. Surprisingly, Hdac6 does not appear to deacetylate histones, but rather is required for Tip60-p400 binding to many of its target genes. Finally, we find that, like canonical subunits of Tip60-p400, Hdac6 is necessary for robust ESC differentiation. These data suggest that Hdac6 plays a major role in the modulation of Tip60-p400 function in stem cells. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01557.001.
Project description:The Tip60 (also known as Kat5) lysine acetyltransferase functions broadly as a transcriptional co-activator that acetylates histones. In contrast, Tip60 functions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) both to silence genes that promote differentiation and to activate genes required for proliferation. The mechanism by which Tip60 functions as a repressor is unknown. Here we show that the class II histone deacetylase Hdac6 co-purifies with Tip60-p400 complex from ESCs and is necessary for complete silencing of most differentiation genes targeted by Tip60. In contrast to differentiated cells, where Hdac6 is mainly cytoplasmic and does not interact with Tip60, Hdac6 is largely nuclear in ESCs and neural stem cells (NSCs) and interacts with Tip60-p400 in both cell types. Hdac6 is enriched at promoters bound by Tip60-p400 in ESCs, but while Tip60 binds on both sides of transcription start sites (TSSs), Hdac6 binding overlaps with only the downstream Tip60 peak. Surprisingly, Hdac6 does not deacetylate histones at these sites, but rather is required for Tip60 binding. These data suggest that nuclear exclusion of Hdac6 during differentiation plays a major role in modulation of Tip60-p400 function. We determined the genome-wide localization of Tip60 and Hdac6 in mouse ES cells, and examined genomic binding profiles of Tip60 and Hdac6 upon indicated knockdown by ChIP-seq. We examined genomic binding profiles of p400 upon indicated knockdown by ChIP-seq.
Project description:The Tip60 (also known as Kat5) lysine acetyltransferase functions broadly as a transcriptional co-activator that acetylates histones. In contrast, Tip60 functions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) both to silence genes that promote differentiation and to activate genes required for proliferation. The mechanism by which Tip60 functions as a repressor is unknown. Here we show that the class II histone deacetylase Hdac6 co-purifies with Tip60-p400 complex from ESCs and is necessary for complete silencing of most differentiation genes targeted by Tip60. In contrast to differentiated cells, where Hdac6 is mainly cytoplasmic and does not interact with Tip60, Hdac6 is largely nuclear in ESCs and neural stem cells (NSCs) and interacts with Tip60-p400 in both cell types. Hdac6 is enriched at promoters bound by Tip60-p400 in ESCs, but while Tip60 binds on both sides of transcription start sites (TSSs), Hdac6 binding overlaps with only the downstream Tip60 peak. Surprisingly, Hdac6 does not deacetylate histones at these sites, but rather is required for Tip60 binding. These data suggest that nuclear exclusion of Hdac6 during differentiation plays a major role in modulation of Tip60-p400 function.
Project description:To identify the functional role of Hdac6 in embryonic stem cells, we examined gene expression changes in mouse ES cells upon Tip60, Hdac6 and double knockdown.
Project description:To identify the functional role of Hdac6 in embryonic stem cells, we examined gene expression changes in mouse ES cells upon Tip60, Hdac6 and double knockdown. Two biological replicates each for control (GFP), Tip60, Hdac6 and double KD in E14 mouse ESCs. Lentiviral-based shRNA was used and gene expression changes were determined 3 days after KD. The global gene expression profiles of Tip60, Hdac6 and double KD were compared to control KD cells.