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Chimeric repressors of GLKs confer tolerance to air pollutant by closing stomata in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Regulation of stomatal movement is one of the effective strategies for developing resistant crops to air pollutant because stomata allows absorption of various air pollutants, such as ozone and sulfur dioxide. Transcription factor (TF) is a fascinating target of genetic manipulation for this end because TF regulates many genes simultaneously and methods of genetic manipulation are universally established. Here, we have screened transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing chimeric repressor of TFs in high-concentration of ozone and found that the chimeric repressors of GOLDEN-LIKE1 (GLK1) and GLK2 (GLK1-SRDX and GLK2-SRDX) conferred strong tolerance to ozone. These 35S:GLK1/2-SRDX plants also showed sulfur dioxide tolerance. Their leaves showed lower rate of transpiration than wild type and a remarkable closed-stomata phenotype. The expression of the genes encoding K+ and water channels, including KAT1 and AKT1, which are involved in stomatal opening, was downregulated in 35S:GLK1-SRDX plants. Consistently, expression of GLK1-SRDX driven by the GC1 promoter, which has an activity only in guard cell, also induced closed-stomata and an ozone tolerant phenotype. On the contrary, 35S:GLK1/2 plants showed hypersensitivity to ozone and an opened-stomata phenotype. These data suggested that GLK1 and GLK2 have an ability to induce transcriptional change in guard cell and regulate stomatal movement. Our findings provide an effective tool to confer resistance to air pollutant by regulating stomatal aperture and improve crop productivity in future.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE42545 | GEO | 2015/10/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA182242

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Hydrogen sulfide is an important signaling molecule in plants that regulates essential biological processes through protein persulfidation. Although numerous persulfidated proteins were found to be involved in photorespiration, little was known about sulfide-mediated regulation of photorespiration. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis has revealed a high impact on the protein persulfidation level when plants grown under non-photorespiratory conditions are transferred to air, with the 97 % of total identified proteins more persulfidated under suppressed photorespiration. A detailed study of the effect of sulfide on important aspects associated with photorespiratory growth conditions has provided insight into the role of sulfide in protecting plants grown under suppressed photorespiration. In these conditions, sulfide amends the metabolic imbalance of carbon/nitrogen and restores ATP levels to concentrations similar to those in air grown conditions. Sulfide also plays an essential role in balancing the significant high level of ROS measured in plants under non-photorespiratory conditions to reach a similar cellular redox state in air-grown plants, through the regulation of antioxidative defenses. Furthermore, sulfide regulates another important characteristic resulting from suppression of photorespiration, such as the stomata closure, to decrease the high guard cell ROS levels and inducing the stomata aperture. In this way, sulfide signals the movement of the CO2-dependent stomata to achieve a scenario similar to that of plants growing under normal air conditions, in the opposite direction of the already established ABA-dependent movement of the stomata. Therefore, our findings suggest that the high persulfidation level under suppressed photorespiration reveals an essential role of sulfide signaling under these conditions, and with respect to stomatal movement, the outcome of this signaling is dependent on the growth/stress condition under study.

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Chimeric repressors of GLKs confer tolerance to air pollutant by closing stomata in Arabidopsis

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