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JMJD1C knockdown (H9_CT2_JMJD1C-KD_Microarray_JW)

ABSTRACT: It has been recently reported that the pluripotency factor OCT4, the early neural inducing factor NR2F2, and the pluripotency-associated miRNA miR-302 are linked in a regulatory circuitry that critically regulate both pluripotency and neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We show here that JMJD1C, a H3K9 demethylase expressed in undifferentiated hESCs, plays a key role in the regulatory circuitry. hESCs with JMJD1C knockdown (KD) retain the state of self-renewal and pluripotency, but express lower miR-302c than control hESCs. JMJD1C directly binds to the miR-302 promoter in hESCs and reduces H3K9 methylation on the promoter. Upon withdrawal of bFGF (an inhibitor of neural initiation) from a defined culture medium, the KD, but not control, hESCs differentiate into neural progenitors within three days – the fastest ever reported, accompanied by rapid increase of NR2F2 expression. A miR-302c analogue or an inhibitor of H3K9 methylation reduces neural induction from the KD hESCs, whereas a miR-302c inhibitor promotes hESC differentiation. Together, our findings suggest that JMJD1C plays a central role in control of neural differentiation from hESCs, which involves sustained miR-302c expression, and that inhibition of JMJD1C is sufficient to rapidly induce neural progenitors from hESCs in the defined medium depleted of bFGF. This is also the first evidence, to our knowledge, for epigenetic modification of miR-302 in hESCs.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE46485 | GEO | 2013/12/24

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA200625

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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JMJD1C knockdown (H9_CT2_JMJD1C-KD_Microarray_JW)

Project description:It has been recently reported that the pluripotency factor OCT4, the early neural inducing factor NR2F2, and the pluripotency-associated miRNA miR-302 are linked in a regulatory circuitry that critically regulate both pluripotency and neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We show here that JMJD1C, a H3K9 demethylase expressed in undifferentiated hESCs, plays a key role in the regulatory circuitry. hESCs with JMJD1C knockdown (KD) retain the state of self-renewal and pluripotency, but express lower miR-302c than control hESCs. JMJD1C directly binds to the miR-302 promoter in hESCs and reduces H3K9 methylation on the promoter. Upon withdrawal of bFGF (an inhibitor of neural initiation) from a defined culture medium, the KD, but not control, hESCs differentiate into neural progenitors within three days – the fastest ever reported, accompanied by rapid increase of NR2F2 expression. A miR-302c analogue or an inhibitor of H3K9 methylation reduces neural induction from the KD hESCs, whereas a miR-302c inhibitor promotes hESC differentiation. Together, our findings suggest that JMJD1C plays a central role in control of neural differentiation from hESCs, which involves sustained miR-302c expression, and that inhibition of JMJD1C is sufficient to rapidly induce neural progenitors from hESCs in the defined medium depleted of bFGF. This is also the first evidence, to our knowledge, for epigenetic modification of miR-302 in hESCs. 6 human ES cell lines were used in this microarray assay. Each line has two replicates.

2013-12-24 | E-GEOD-46485 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:H3K9 acetylation was enriched in pluripotency genes in hESCs and in neural genes in neural progenitor cells Examination of H3K9 acetylation distributions in hESCs and neural progenitor cells

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ChIP-seq analysis of H3K9 acetylation enrichment in hESCs and day 8 neural progenitor cells

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Expression data from the control and Jmjd1c KD ESCs

Project description:The roles of histone demethylases (HDMs) for the establishment and maintenance of the pluripotent state are incompletely defined. Here, we show that JmjC domain-containing protein 1c (Jmjd1c), a putative histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9) demethylase, is required for mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal. To understand how Jmjd1c knockdown (KD) and resultant changes in the H3K9 methylations would affect ESCs at a global gene expression level, we compared the whole genome transcriptomes between the control and Jmjd1c KD ESCs (6 samples, including 2 shNT control samples and 4 shJmjd1c samples, 2 from #3 and 2 from #4 shRNA, respectively) using affymetrix microarray. We used microarrays to identify genes affected by Jmjd1c knockdown in mouse ESCs.

2017-07-24 | GSE89709 | GEO

Post-transcriptional regulation in cranial neural crest cells expands developmental potential [I]

Project description:Developmental potential is progressively restricted after germ layer specification during gastrulation. However, cranial neural crest cells challenge this paradigm, as they develop from anterior ectoderm yet give rise to both mesodermal derivatives of the craniofacial skeleton and ectodermal derivatives of the peripheral nervous system. How cranial neural crest cells differentiate into multiple lineages is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that cranial neural crest cells possess a transient state of increased chromatin accessibility; and that the earliest premigratory neural crest are biased towards either a neuronal or ectomesenchymal fate, with each lineage expressing distinct factors from the pluripotent state. We profile the spatiotemporal emergence of each neural crest population and demonstrate that the ectomesenchymal lineage forms prior to the neuronal progenitors. Expression of the pluripotency microRNA family miR-302 is maintained in cranial neural crest cells and genetic deletion leads to precocious specification of the ectomesenchymal lineage. We find that miR-302 directly targets Sox9 to slow the timing of ectomesenchyme induction and regulates multiple genes involved in chromatin condensation to maintain accessibility for neuronal differentiation. Loss of mir-302 results in reduced chromatin accessibility in the neuronal progenitor lineage of neural crest and a reduction in peripheral neuron differentiation. Our findings reveal a post-transcriptional mechanism governed by miRNAs from pluripotency as an important mechanism to expand developmental potential of cranial neural crest.

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Post-transcriptional regulation in cranial neural crest cells expands developmental potential [II]

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Identification of ubiquitination sites of purified histone H3

Project description:Histones modulate gene expression by chromatin compaction, regulating numerous processes such as differentiation. However, the mechanisms underlying histone degradation remain elusive. When compared with their differentiated counterparts, immortal human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have a unique chromatin architecture and low levels of trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3), a heterochromatin-associated modification. Here we assess a link between the intrinsic epigenetic landscape and ubiquitin-proteasome system of hESCs. We find that hESCs exhibit high expression of UBE2K, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Loss of UBE2K increases the levels of H3K9 trimethyltransferase SETDB1, resulting in H3K9 trimethylation and repression of neurogenic genes during differentiation. Concomitantly, loss of UBE2K impairs the ability of hESCs to differentiate into neural progenitors with neurogenic properties. Besides H3K9 trimethylation, we find that UBE2K binds histone H3 to induce its polyubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Notably, ubc-20, the worm orthologue of UBE2K, also regulates both histone H3 levels and H3K9 trimethylation in C. elegans germline. Thus, our results indicate that UBE2K crosses evolutionary boundaries to promote histone H3 degradation and reduce H3K9me3 repressive marks in immortal cells.

2020-06-01 | PXD018621 | Pride

Comparison non-targeting hRNA hESCs versus UBE2K shRNA hESCs

2020-06-01 | PXD018625 | Pride

MicroRNAs Regulate p21Waf1/Cip1 Protein Expression and the DNA Damage Response in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Project description:Studies of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) commonly describe the non-functional p53-p21 axis of the G1/S checkpoint pathway with subsequent relevance for cell cycle regulation and the DNA damage response (DDR). Importantly, p21 mRNA is clearly present and upregulated after the DDR in hESCs but p21 protein is not detectable. In this article, we provide evidence that expression of p21 protein is directly regulated by the microRNA pathway under standard culture conditions and after DNA damage. The DDR in hESCs leads to upregulation of tens of microRNAs, including hESC-specific microRNAs such as those of the miR-302 family, miR-371-372 family, or C19MC microRNA cluster. Most importantly, we show that the hESC-enriched microRNA family miR-302 (miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c, and miR-302d) directly contributes to regulation of p21 expression in hESCs and thus demonstrate a novel function for miR-302s in hESCS. The described mechanism elucidates the role of microRNAs in regulation of important molecular pathway governing the G1/S transition checkpoint before as well as after DNA damage.

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2018-08-01 | GSE113375 | GEO

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