Simultaneous sequencing of oxidized methylcytosines produced by TET/JBP proteins in Coprinopsis cinerea
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Coprinopsis cinerea
PROVIDER: GSE46965 | GEO | 2014/12/02
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA203151
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:TET/JBP enzymes oxidize 5-methylpyrimidines in DNA. In mammals, the oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mCs) function as epigenetic marks and likely intermediates in DNA demethylation. Here we present a method based on diglucosylation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) to simultaneously map 5hmC, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine at near-base-pair resolution. We have used the method to map the distribution of oxi-mC across the genome of Coprinopsis cinerea, a basidiomycete that encodes 47 TET/JBP paralogs in a previously unidentified class of DNA transposons. Like 5-methylcytosine residues from which they are derived, oxi-mC modifications are enriched at centromeres, TET/JBP transposons, and multicopy paralogous genes that are not expressed, but rarely mark genes whose expression changes between two developmental stages. Our study provides evidence for the emergence of an epigenetic regulatory system through recruitment of selfish elements in a eukaryotic lineage, and describes a method to map all three different species of oxi-mCs simultaneously.
| S-EPMC4260599 | biostudies-literature
Project description:TET/JBP enzymes oxidize 5-methylpyrimidines in DNA. In mammals, the oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mC) function as epigenetic marks and likely intermediates in DNA demethylation. Here we present a novel diglucosylation-based method to simultaneously map 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC at near base-pair resolution, and verify the results using independent methods. We have used the method to map the distribution of oxi-mC across the genome of Coprinopsis cinerea, a basidiomycete that encodes 47 TET/JBP paralogs in a new class of DNA transposons. Like 5-methylcytosine (5mC) residues from which they are derived, oxi-mC modifications are enriched at centromeres, TET/JBP transposons, and multicopy paralogous genes that are not expressed, but rarely mark genes whose expression changes between two developmental stages. Our study provides evidence for the emergence of an epigenetic regulatory system through recruitment of selfish elements in a eukaryotic lineage, and describes a method to map all three different species of oxi-mC simultaneously.
2014-12-02 | GSE46963 | GEO
Project description:TET/JBP enzymes oxidize 5-methylpyrimidines in DNA. In mammals, the oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mC) function as epigenetic marks and likely intermediates in DNA demethylation. Here we present a novel diglucosylation-based method to simultaneously map 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC at near base-pair resolution, and verify the results using independent methods. We have used the method to map the distribution of oxi-mC across the genome of Coprinopsis cinerea, a basidiomycete that encodes 47 TET/JBP paralogs in a new class of DNA transposons. Like 5-methylcytosine (5mC) residues from which they are derived, oxi-mC modifications are enriched at centromeres, TET/JBP transposons, and multicopy paralogous genes that are not expressed, but rarely mark genes whose expression changes between two developmental stages. Our study provides evidence for the emergence of an epigenetic regulatory system through recruitment of selfish elements in a eukaryotic lineage, and describes a method to map all three different species of oxi-mC simultaneously.
2014-12-02 | GSE58865 | GEO
Project description:Simultaneous sequencing of oxidized methylcytosines produced by TET/JBP proteins in Coprinopsis cinerea
| PRJNA203151 | ENA
Project description:DNA cytosine methylation is a key epigenetic mark that is required for normal mammalian development. Iterative oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by the TET family of DNA dioxygenases generates three oxidized nucleotides: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Recent advances in genomic mapping techniques have suggested that these oxidized cytosines not only function in the process of active reversal of 5mC but also may possess unique regulatory functions in the mammalian genome.
| S-EPMC4671372 | biostudies-literature
Project description:DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) plays critical biological functions in mammals and plants as a vital epigenetic marker. The Ten-Eleven translocation dioxygenases (TET1, 2, and 3) have been found to oxidize 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and then to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in mammalian cells. We report herein three mushroom TET homologues from Coprinopsis cinerea that can mediate 5mC oxidation. Specifically, one homologue (CC1G_05589, CcTET) shows similar activity to its mammalian TET homologues. Biochemically, CcTET actively converts 5mC to 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC under natural conditions (pH 7.0). Interestingly, CcTET also converts the majority of 5mC to 5fC under slightly acidic (pH 5.8) and neutral conditions. Kinetics analyses of the oxidation by CcTET under neutral conditions indicate that conversion of 5mC to 5hmC and 5hmC to 5fC are faster than that of 5fC to 5caC, respectively. Our results provide an example of a TET homologue in a non-mammalian organism that exhibits full 5mC-to-5caC oxidation activity and a slight preference to producing 5fC. The preferential accumulation of 5fC in the in vitro oxidation reactions under both neutral and acidic conditions may have biological implications for 5mC oxidation in fungi species.
| S-EPMC3985729 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacteria are the main nutritional competitors of saprophytic fungi during colonization of their ecological niches. This competition involves the mutual secretion of antimicrobials that kill or inhibit the growth of the competitor. Over the last years it has been demonstrated that fungi respond to the presence of bacteria with changes of their transcriptome, but the significance of these changes with respect to competition for nutrients is not clear as functional proof of the antibacterial activity of the induced gene products is often lacking. Here, we report the genome-wide transcriptional response of the coprophilous mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea to the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The genes induced upon co-cultivation with each bacterium were highly overlapping, suggesting that the fungus uses a similar arsenal of effectors against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Intriguingly, the induced genes appeare to encode predominantly secreted peptides and proteins with predicted antibacterial activities, which was validated by comparative proteomics of the C. cinerea secretome. Induced members of two putative antibacterial peptide and protein families in C. cinerea, the cysteine-stabilized αβ-defensins (Csαβ-defensins) and the GH24-type lysozymes, were purified, and their antibacterial activity was confirmed. These results provide compelling evidence that fungi are able to recognize the presence of bacteria and respond with the expression of an arsenal of secreted antibacterial peptides and proteins.
| S-EPMC6461984 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Three cutinase gene-like genes from the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea (Coprinus cinereus) found with a similarity search were cloned and expressed in Trichoderma reesei under the control of an inducible cbh1 promoter. The selected transformants of all three polyesterase constructs showed activity with p-nitrophenylbutyrate, used as a model substrate. The most promising transformant of the cutinase CC1G_09668.1 gene construct was cultivated in a laboratory fermentor, with a production yield of 1.4 g liter(-l) purified protein. The expressed cutinase (CcCUT1) was purified to homogeneity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography exploiting a C-terminal His tag. The N terminus of the enzyme was found to be blocked. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was determined to be around 18.8 kDa by mass spectrometry. CcCUT1 had higher activity on shorter (C(2) to C(10)) fatty acid esters of p-nitrophenol than on longer ones, and it also exhibited lipase activity. CcCUT1 had optimal activity between pH 7 and 8 but retained activity over a wide pH range. The enzyme retained 80% of its activity after 20 h of incubation at 50 degrees C, but residual activity decreased sharply at 60 degrees C. Microscopic analyses and determination of released hydrolysis products showed that the enzyme was able to depolymerize apple cutin and birch outer bark suberin.
| S-EPMC2663218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea is well-suited to studies of meiosis because meiosis progresses synchronously in 10 million cells within each mushroom cap. Approximately 20% of C. cinerea genes exhibit changing expression during meiosis, but meiosis and mushroom development happen concurrently and therefore differentially expressed genes might not be directly involved in meiotic processes. By using microarrays, we examined global gene expression across a meiotic time course in two mutants in which meiosis arrests but mushrooms develop normally. Genes differentially expressed in the mutants compared with the wild type are likely to be involved in meiosis and sporulation as opposed to mushroom development. In rad50-1, which arrests in late prophase, RNA abundance for a group of early meiotic genes remains high, whereas the expression of a group of late meiotic genes is never induced. In contrast, in msh5-22 (which fails to undergo premeiotic DNA replication), both early and late meiotic genes are underexpressed relative to wild type at late meiotic time points as the cells die. Genes that are differentially expressed relative to wild type in both mutants are particularly strong candidates for playing roles in meiosis and sporulation.
| S-EPMC3464114 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Endo-?-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase), which catalyzes hydrolysis of N-linked oligosaccharides, is a useful tool for analyzing oligosaccharide contents of glycoproteins. However, there are only a few known ENGases that can catalyze the hydrolysis of human complex type oligosaccharides, and although commercially available, they are expensive. Here, we report the cloning of two ENGase encoding cDNAs from the basidiomycete fungus Coprinopsis cinerea, Endo-CC1 and Endo-CC2. We successfully expressed recombinant His6-tagged Endo-CC1 and Endo-CC2 in Escherichia coli and purified them for enzymatic characterization. Both Endo-CC1 and Endo-CC2 showed hydrolytic activity on high-mannose and complex type oligosaccharides. Since Endo-CC1 could be prepared more easily than Endo-CC2 from E. coli cultures, we examined the enzymatic properties of Endo-CC1 in detail. Our results showed that Endo-CC1 acted on both N-linked high-mannose type and sialobiantennary type complex oligosaccharides of glycoproteins RNase B and human transferrin, respectively, but not on the sialotriantennary type complex oligosaccharide of glycoprotein fetuin. Examination of the transglycosylation activity of Endo-CC1 revealed that the wild-type Endo-CC1 could not transfer the sialobiantennary type complex oligosaccharide onto the deglycosylated RNase B. To obtain an Endo-CC1 mutant with desired transglycosylation activity, we performed mutation analysis of the active site residue Asn 180 (N180), known to be important for catalysis, by individually replacing it with the remaining 19 amino acid residues. Transglycosylation analyses of these mutants led us to identify one mutant, namely Endo-CC1N180H, which exhibited the desired transglycosylation activity. Taken together, we suggest that Endo-CC1 would potentially be a valuable tool for analyzing oligosaccharides on glycoproteins, as large quantities of it could be made available more easily and less expensively than the currently used enzyme, Endo-M.
| S-EPMC4510386 | biostudies-literature