Sequence analysis of scnRNAs
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Tetrahymena thermophila
PROVIDER: GSE47650 | GEO | 2013/06/05
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA207031
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The developmentally regulated 26- to 32-nt siRNAs (scnRNAs) are loaded to the Argonaute protein Twi1p and display a strong bias for uracil at the 5' end. In this study, we used deep sequencing to analyze loaded and unloaded populations of scnRNAs. We show that the size of the scnRNA is determined during a pre-loading process, whereas their 5' uracil bias is attributed to both pre-loading and loading processes. We also demonstrate that scnRNAs have a strong bias for adenine at the third base from the 3' terminus, suggesting that most scnRNAs are direct Dicer products. Furthermore, we show that the thermodynamic asymmetry of the scnRNA duplex does not affect the guide and passenger strand decision. Finally, we show that scnRNAs frequently have templated uracil at the last base without a strong bias for adenine at the second base indicating non-sequential production of scnRNAs from substrates. These findings provide a biochemical basis for the varying attributes of scnRNAs, which should help improve our understanding of the production and turnover of scnRNAs in vivo. We compared Twi1p-loaded scnRNAs to scnRNAs before they have been loaded into Twi1p by deep sequencing to understand how the two processes, the production of siRNAs by Dicer and the loading of siRNAs into Argonaute, shape the population of siRNAs in vivo.
2013-06-05 | E-GEOD-47650 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In this study, we demonstrated that there is a novel, unanticipated mechanism regulating programmed DNA elimination: a genome-wide trans-recognition network for IES identification. In this mechanism, Early-scnRNAs produced from Type-A IESs in the MIC identify not only the IESs from which they are derived but also other IESs in trans to trigger the cis-spreading of Late-scnRNA production in the IESs. This cis-spreading of Late-scnRNA production requires heterochromatin formation . Furthermore, these Late-scnRNAs can recognize other IESs in trans. This “chain reaction” of Late-scnRNA production by the trans-recognition network most likely provides strong robustness in DNA elimination by buffering cell-to-cell variability in the initial Early-scnRNA populations.
2015-06-15 | GSE68455 | GEO
Project description:Distinct classes of small RNAs are often selectively sorted to different Argonaute proteins. Various properties of small RNAs, such as length, terminal nucleotide, thermodynamic asymmetry and duplex mismatches, can impact sorting in different RNA silencing pathways in diverse eukaryotes. The developmentally regulated ~26-32 nt siRNAs, which are involved in programmed DNA elimination in Tetrahymena, show a strong bias for uracil at the 5' end. In this study, we analyzed loaded and unloaded populations of ~26-32 nt siRNAs by deep RNA sequencing. We show that the production process is the main determinant of size, whereas the 5' uracil bias is attributed not only to the process of loading siRNAs into the Argonaute protein Twi1p but also significantly to the initial processing of the siRNAs. We also show that both the loaded and the unloaded ~26-32 nt siRNAs have a strong bias for adenine as the 3rd base from the 3' terminus, suggesting that most of these siRNAs are direct Dicer products and little post-processing amplification of this class of siRNAs occurs. Further, we demonstrate that the siRNA-loading process in vivo can be deduced from the fraction of siRNAs with uracil as the first base. These findings provide biochemical bases for the attributes of ~26-32 nt siRNAs, which should help improve our understanding of their production and turnover in vivo. Examination of siRNA populations in wild-type and TWI1 KO Tetrahymena cells
2012-10-01 | E-GEOD-37696 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In this study, we demonstrated that there is a novel, unanticipated mechanism regulating programmed DNA elimination: a genome-wide trans-recognition network for IES identification. In this mechanism, Early-scnRNAs produced from Type-A IESs in the MIC identify not only the IESs from which they are derived but also other IESs in trans to trigger the cis-spreading of Late-scnRNA production in the IESs. This cis-spreading of Late-scnRNA production requires heterochromatin formation . Furthermore, these Late-scnRNAs can recognize other IESs in trans. This “chain reaction” of Late-scnRNA production by the trans-recognition network most likely provides strong robustness in DNA elimination by buffering cell-to-cell variability in the initial Early-scnRNA populations. 26 to 32-nt small RNAs from various mutants or from immuno precipitated with Argonaute proteins were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing
2015-06-15 | E-GEOD-68455 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Distinct classes of small RNAs are often selectively sorted to different Argonaute proteins. Various properties of small RNAs, such as length, terminal nucleotide, thermodynamic asymmetry and duplex mismatches, can impact sorting in different RNA silencing pathways in diverse eukaryotes. The developmentally regulated ~26-32 nt siRNAs, which are involved in programmed DNA elimination in Tetrahymena, show a strong bias for uracil at the 5' end. In this study, we analyzed loaded and unloaded populations of ~26-32 nt siRNAs by deep RNA sequencing. We show that the production process is the main determinant of size, whereas the 5' uracil bias is attributed not only to the process of loading siRNAs into the Argonaute protein Twi1p but also significantly to the initial processing of the siRNAs. We also show that both the loaded and the unloaded ~26-32 nt siRNAs have a strong bias for adenine as the 3rd base from the 3' terminus, suggesting that most of these siRNAs are direct Dicer products and little post-processing amplification of this class of siRNAs occurs. Further, we demonstrate that the siRNA-loading process in vivo can be deduced from the fraction of siRNAs with uracil as the first base. These findings provide biochemical bases for the attributes of ~26-32 nt siRNAs, which should help improve our understanding of their production and turnover in vivo.
2012-10-01 | GSE37696 | GEO
Project description:Ciliates undergo developmentally programmed genome elimination, in which small RNAs direct the removal of target DNA segments, including transposable elements. At each sexual generation, the development of the macronucleus (MAC) requires massive and reproducible elimination of a large proportion of the germline micronuclear (MIC) genome, leading to a highly streamlined somatic MAC genome. 25-nt long scnRNAs are produced from the entire germline MIC genome during meiosis, and this initial complex small RNA population is then transported to the maternal MAC, where selection of scnRNAs corresponding to germline (MIC)-specific sequences is thought to take place. Selected scnRNAs, loaded onto the PIWI protein Ptiwi09, guide the deposition of histone H3 post-translational modifications (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3) onto transposable elements in the developing macronucleus, ultimately triggering their specific elimination. How germline-specific MIC scnRNAs are selected remains to be determined. Here, we provide important mechanistic insights into the scnRNA selection pathway by identifying a Paramecium homolog of Gametocyte specific factor 1 (Gtsf1) as essential for the selective degradation of scnRNAs corresponding to retained somatic MAC sequences. Consistently, we also show that Gstf1 is exclusively localized in the maternal macronucleus, where scnRNA selection is presumed to occur, and associates with the scnRNA-binding protein Ptiwi09. Furthermore, Gtsf1 is necessary for DNA elimination and correct H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 localization in the new developing macronucleus, demonstrating that the scnRNA selection process is important for genome elimination. We propose that Gtsf1 is required for the coordinated degradation of Ptiwi09-scnRNA complexes that pair with nascent RNA transcribed from the maternal MAC genome, similarly to the mechanism suggested for microRNA target-directed degradation in metazoans.
2024-10-17 | PXD045266 | Pride
Project description:Ciliates undergo developmentally programmed genome elimination, in which small RNAs direct the removal of target DNA segments, including transposable elements. At each sexual generation, the development of the macronucleus (MAC) requires massive and reproducible elimination of a large proportion of the germline micronuclear (MIC) genome, leading to a highly streamlined somatic MAC genome. 25-nt long scnRNAs are produced from the entire germline MIC genome during meiosis, and this initial complex small RNA population is then transported to the maternal MAC, where selection of scnRNAs corresponding to germline (MIC)-specific sequences is thought to take place. Selected scnRNAs, loaded onto the PIWI protein Ptiwi09, guide the deposition of histone H3 post-translational modifications (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3) onto transposable elements in the developing macronucleus, ultimately triggering their specific elimination. How germline-specific MIC scnRNAs are selected remains to be determined. Here, we provide important mechanistic insights into the scnRNA selection pathway by identifying a Paramecium homolog of Gametocyte specific factor 1 (Gtsf1) as essential for the selective degradation of scnRNAs corresponding to retained somatic MAC sequences. Consistently, we also show that Gstf1 is exclusively localized in the maternal macronucleus, where scnRNA selection is presumed to occur, and associates with the scnRNA-binding protein Ptiwi09. Furthermore, Gtsf1 is necessary for DNA elimination and correct H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 localization in the new developing macronucleus, demonstrating that the scnRNA selection process is important for genome elimination. We propose that Gtsf1 is required for the coordinated degradation of Ptiwi09-scnRNA complexes that pair with nascent RNA transcribed from the maternal MAC genome, similarly to the mechanism suggested for microRNA target-directed degradation in metazoans.
2024-10-17 | PXD045214 | Pride
Project description:The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena undergoes extensive programmed DNA elimination when the germline micronucleus produces the new macronucleus during sexual reproduction. DNA elimination is epigenetically controlled by DNA sequences of the parental macronuclear genome, and this epigenetic regulation is mediated by small RNAs (scnRNAs) of approximately 28-30 nucleotides that are produced and function by an RNAi-related mechanism. Here, we examine scnRNA production and turnover by deep sequencing. scnRNAs are produced exclusively from the micronucleus and non-homogeneously from a variety of chromosomal locations. scnRNAs are preferentially derived from the eliminated sequences, and this preference is mainly determined at the level of transcription. Despite this bias, a significant fraction of scnRNAs is also derived from the macronuclear-destined sequences, and these scnRNAs are degraded during the course of sexual reproduction. These results indicate that the pattern of DNA elimination in the new macronucleus is shaped by the biased transcription in the micronucleus and by the selective degradation of scnRNAs in the parental macronucleus.
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Project description:Analysis of genome-wide IES elimination of Late-scnRNA accumulation-defective cells inducates that Early-scnRNAs are sufficient to induce DNA elimination for a majority of IESs, whereas Late-scnRNAs are important for DNA elimination of some, mainly Type-B, IESs.
2015-06-15 | GSE68457 | GEO
Project description:The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena undergoes extensive programmed DNA elimination when the germline micronucleus produces the new macronucleus during sexual reproduction. DNA elimination is epigenetically controlled by DNA sequences of the parental macronuclear genome, and this epigenetic regulation is mediated by small RNAs (scnRNAs) of approximately 28-30 nucleotides that are produced and function by an RNAi-related mechanism. Here, we examine scnRNA production and turnover by deep sequencing. scnRNAs are produced exclusively from the micronucleus and non-homogeneously from a variety of chromosomal locations. scnRNAs are preferentially derived from the eliminated sequences, and this preference is mainly determined at the level of transcription. Despite this bias, a significant fraction of scnRNAs is also derived from the macronuclear-destined sequences, and these scnRNAs are degraded during the course of sexual reproduction. These results indicate that the pattern of DNA elimination in the new macronucleus is shaped by the biased transcription in the micronucleus and by the selective degradation of scnRNAs in the parental macronucleus. GRO-Seq and Examination of siRNAs in wild-type,nullisomic 4, EMA1 KO, and TWI1 KO Tetrahymena cells
2012-06-21 | E-GEOD-38768 | biostudies-arrayexpress