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Small molecule-induced bioenergetic reprogramming directs prostate cancer inhibition via UPR signaling

ABSTRACT: We previously identified SMIP004 (N-(4-butyl-2-methyl-phenyl) acetamide), as a novel inducer of cancer-cell selective apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells. SMIP004 decreased the levels of positive cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin A, CDK4 and SKP2 while upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21, resulting in G1 arrest and inhibition of colony formation in soft agar. However, the mechanism of SMIP004-induced cancer cell selective apoptosis remained unknown. We used profiling to unravel a SMIP004-induced pro-apoptotic pathway, which initiates with bioenergetic reprogramming at the level of mitochondria. SMIP004 causes downregulation of aerobic glycolysis, rapid upregulation of components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and oxidative stress. The latter, in turn, elicits cell cycle arrest by rapidly targeting cyclin D1 for proteasomal degradation, drives transcriptional downregulation of the androgen receptor, and activates pro-apoptotic signaling through the unfolded protein response and MAPK activation. Finally SMIP004 was found to potently inhibit the growth of prostate and breast cancer xenografts in mice.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE48056 | GEO | 2015/12/16

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA208824

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Small molecule-induced bioenergetic reprogramming directs prostate cancer inhibition via UPR signaling

Project description:We previously identified SMIP004 (N-(4-butyl-2-methyl-phenyl) acetamide), as a novel inducer of cancer-cell selective apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells. SMIP004 decreased the levels of positive cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin A, CDK4 and SKP2 while upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21, resulting in G1 arrest and inhibition of colony formation in soft agar. However, the mechanism of SMIP004-induced cancer cell selective apoptosis remained unknown. We used profiling to unravel a SMIP004-induced pro-apoptotic pathway, which initiates with bioenergetic reprogramming at the level of mitochondria. SMIP004 causes downregulation of aerobic glycolysis, rapid upregulation of components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and oxidative stress. The latter, in turn, elicits cell cycle arrest by rapidly targeting cyclin D1 for proteasomal degradation, drives transcriptional downregulation of the androgen receptor, and activates pro-apoptotic signaling through the unfolded protein response and MAPK activation. Finally SMIP004 was found to potently inhibit the growth of prostate and breast cancer xenografts in mice. There are two biological replicates SMIP004Rep1 and SMIP004Rep2 and two technical replicates for each biological replicates (SMIP004 Rep1_1 and SMIP004 Rep1_2). Total RNA from cells treated with 40 uM SMIP004 for 24 h, vehicle or positive controls (Roscovitine, 20uM, Campthotecin 500 nMM, Bortezomib 50 nM) was obtained using the RNeasy Mini Kit. The drug treated and control samples were compared.

2015-12-16 | E-GEOD-48056 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profile of mouse breast cancer V720 cells treated with vehicle or PD 0332991

Project description:D-cyclins represent components of cell cycle machinery. To test the efficacy of targeting D-cyclins in cancer treatment, we engineered mouse strains which allow acute and global ablation of individual D-cyclins in a living animal. Ubiquitous shutdown of cyclin D1 or inhibition of cyclin D associated kinase activity in mice bearing ErbB2-driven mammary carcinomas halted cancer progression and triggered tumor-specific senescence, without compromising the animals' health. Ablation of cyclin D3 in mice bearing T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) triggered tumorspecific apoptosis. Such selective killing of leukemic cells can be also achieved by inhibiting cyclin D associated kinase activity in mouse and human T-ALL models. Hence, contrary to what one might expect from ablation of a cell cycle protein, acute shutdown of a D-cyclin leads not only to cell cycle arrest, but it also triggers tumor cell senescence or apoptosis, and it affects different tumor types through distinct cellular mechanisms. Inhibiting cyclin D-activity represents a highly-selective anticancer strategy which specifically targets cancer cells without significantly affecting normal tissues. Mouse breast cancer V720 cells were cultured in the presence of the CDK4/6 inhibitor PD 0332991 (PD; 1 microM) or vehicle (VO) for 24 hrs. Experiment was done in biological triplicate. A total of 6 RNA samples (3 vehicle treated and 3 PD 0332991 treated samples) were used for microarray expression analysis.

2012-10-16 | E-GEOD-40513 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Loss-of-parkin function enhances cyclin D1 expression and AKT signalling and promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation

Project description:Mutations in the parkin gene, which encodes a ubiquitin ligase, are a major cause of autosomal recessive parkinsonism. Interestingly, parkin also plays a role in cancer as a putative tumor suppressor. Consistent with this, the gene is frequently targeted by deletion and inactivation in human malignant tumors. Here, we show that parkin expression is dramatically reduced in glioma cells, which correlates with increased cancer mortality. We further show that restoration of parkin expression in these cells promotes their arrest at G1 phase and significantly mitigates their proliferation rate both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the level of cyclin D1, but not cyclin E, is reduced in parkin-expressing glioma cells. Moreover, parkin expression also leads to a selective downregulation of Akt serine-473 phosphorylation and VEGF receptor levels. Supporting this, cells derived from parkin null mouse exhibit increased levels of cyclin D1, VEGF receptor and Akt phosphorylation and divide significantly faster compared to their wild type counterparts. Importantly, analysis of parkin pathway activation revealed its predictive power for survival outcome of glioma patients. Taken together, our study provides a mechanism by which parkin exerts its tumor suppressor function and a signature pathway of parkin that is of potential prognostic value. Total RNA obtained from U-87MG cells stably expressing parkin or vector alone. Replicate arrays were performed for each of the 3 vector and parkin-expressing U-87MG clones.

2012-03-15 | E-GEOD-29494 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profile of mouse breast cancer V720 cells treated with vehicle or PD 0332991

2012-10-16 | GSE40513 | GEO

Gene expression profile of human T-ALL cell line KOPTK1 treated with vehicle or PD 0332991

2012-10-16 | GSE40512 | GEO

Gene expression profile of human T-ALL cell line KOPTK1 treated with vehicle or PD 0332991

Project description:D-cyclins represent components of cell cycle machinery. To test the efficacy of targeting D-cyclins in cancer treatment, we engineered mouse strains which allow acute and global ablation of individual D-cyclins in a living animal. Ubiquitous shutdown of cyclin D1 or inhibition of cyclin D associated kinase activity in mice bearing ErbB2-driven mammary carcinomas halted cancer progression and triggered tumor-specific senescence, without compromising the animals' health. Ablation of cyclin D3 in mice bearing T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) triggered tumorspecific apoptosis. Such selective killing of leukemic cells can be also achieved by inhibiting cyclin D associated kinase activity in mouse and human T-ALL models. Hence, contrary to what one might expect from ablation of a cell cycle protein, acute shutdown of a D-cyclin leads not only to cell cycle arrest, but it also triggers tumor cell senescence or apoptosis, and it affects different tumor types through distinct cellular mechanisms. Inhibiting cyclin D-activity represents a highly-selective anticancer strategy which specifically targets cancer cells without significantly affecting normal tissues. A human T-ALL cell line KOPTK1 cells were cultured in the presence of the CDK4/6 inhibitor PD 0332991 (PD; 1 microM) or vehicle (VO) for 48 hrs. Experiment was done in biological triplicate. A total of 6 RNA samples (3 vehicle treated and 3 PD 0332991 treated samples) were used for microarray expression analysis.

2012-10-16 | E-GEOD-40512 | biostudies-arrayexpress

MCL-1 Drives a Metabolic Dependency on Fatty Acid Oxidation in Cancer Independent of its Anti-Apoptotic Function

Project description:MCL-1 is an anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein essential to the survival of diverse cell types and is a major driver of cancer and chemoresistance. The unique oncogenic supremacy of MCL-1, as compared to its anti-apoptotic homologs, suggests that it has additional functions to complement apoptotic suppression. Here, we find that MCL-1-dependent hematologic cancer cells selectively rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as a fuel source due to metabolic wiring enforced by MCL-1 itself. Importantly, this metabolic function is independent of anti-apoptotic activity, as demonstrated by metabolomic, proteomic, and genomic profiling of MCL-1-dependent leukemia cells lacking pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK. Genetic deletion of Mcl-1 results in selective downregulation of proteins within the FAO pathway, accompanied by cell death upon glucose deprivation despite apoptotic blockade. Our data reveal that MCL-1 drives a programmatic dependency on FAO in hematologic cancer cells, which can be effectively targeted by FAO inhibitors.

2022-10-03 | PXD031364 | Pride

Comparison of Normal Prostate Fibroblasts Overexpressing Cyclin D1 and Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts

Project description:The cyclin D1 oncogene encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the Rb protein and promotes progression through G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Several prostate cancer cell lines and a subset of primary prostate cancer samples have increased cyclin D1 protein expression. However, the relationship between cyclin D1 expression and prostate tumor progression has yet to be clearly characterized. This study examined the effects of manipulating cyclin D1 expression in either human prostatic epithelial or stromal cells using a tissue recombination model. The data showed that overexpression of cyclin D1 in the initiated BPH-1 cell line increased cell proliferation rate, but did not elicit tumorigenicity in vivo. However, overexpression of cyclin D1 in Normal Prostate Fibroblasts (NPF) that were subsequently recombined with BPH-1 did induce malignant transformation of the epithelial cells. The present study also showed that recombination of BPH-1 + cyclin D1 overexpressing fibroblasts (NPF cyclin D1) resulted in permanent malignant transformation of epithelial cells (BPH-1 NPF-cyclin D1 cells) similar to that seen with Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs). Microarray analysis showed that the expression profiles between CAFs and NPF cyclin D1 cells were highly concordant including cyclin D1 upregulation. These data indicated that the tumor-promoting activity of cyclin D1 may be tissue-specific. Keywords: cyclin D1; stromal-epithelial interactions; prostate cancer; cDNA microarray

2007-09-01 | GSE6936 | GEO

Strigolactone analogs induce apoptosis through activation of p38 and the stress response pathway in cancer cell lines and in conditionally reprogrammed primary prostate cancer cells

Project description:Strigolactones are a novel class of plant hormones produced in roots and regulate shoot and root development. We have previously shown that synthetic strigolactone analogues potently inhibit growth of breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells. Here we show that strigolactone analogues inhibit the growth and survival of an array of cancer-derived cell lines representing solid and non-solid cancer cells including: prostate, colon, lung, melanoma, osteosarcoma and leukemic cell lines, while normal cells were minimally affected. Furthermore, we tested the response of patient-matched conditionally reprogrammed normal and prostate cancer cells. The tumor cells exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to the two most potent SL analogues with increased apoptosis compared to their normal counterpart cells. Treatment of cancer cells with strigolactone analogues was hallmarked by increased expression and activity of genes involved in stress signaling, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. All five strigolactone analogues induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, accompanied with a decrease in the expression level of cyclin B1. Apoptosis was marked by increased percentages of cells in the sub-G1 fraction and was confirmed by Annexin V staining. In conditionally reprogramed matched tumor and normal prostate cells, the cleavage of PARP1 confirmed the specific increase in apoptosis of tumor cells. In summary, Strigolactone analogues are promising candidates for anticancer therapy by their ability to specifically induce cell cycle arrest, cellular stress and apoptosis in tumor cells with minimal effects on growth and survival of normal cells. There are duplicate samples for each condition. U2OS cells were treated with 2 different strigolactone analogues: ST362 or MEB55 at the concentration of 5 ppm for either 6 hr or 24 hr.Control samples were those treated with vehicle only .

2014-02-10 | E-GEOD-54820 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Parkin pathway activation mitigates glioma cell proliferation and predicts patient survival

Project description:Mutations in the parkin gene, which encodes a ubiquitin ligase, are a major genetic cause of parkinsonism. Interestingly, parkin also plays a role in cancer as a putative tumor suppressor, and the gene is frequently targeted by deletion and inactivation in human malignant tumors. Here, we investigated a potential tumor suppressor role for parkin in gliomas. We found that parkin expression was dramatically reduced in glioma cells. Restoration of parkin expression promoted G1 phase cell cycle arrest and mitigated the proliferation rate of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Notably, parkin-expressing glioma cells showed a reduction in levels of cyclin D1, but not cyclin E, and a selective downregulation of Akt serine-473 phosphorylation and VEGF receptor levels. In accordance, cells derived from a parkin null mouse model exhibited increased levels of cyclin D1, VEGF receptor and Akt phosphorylation and divided significantly faster when compared with wild type cells, with suppressionof these changes following parkin re-introduction. Clinically, analysis of parkin pathway activation was predictive for the survival outcome of glioma patients. Taken together, our study provides mechanistic insight into the tumor suppressor function of parkin in brain tumors, and suggests that measurement of parkin pathway activation may be used clinically as a prognostic tool in brain tumor patients.

2012-03-15 | GSE29494 | GEO

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