A comprehensive survey of degradation and 3′ end modification of plant microRNAs by deep sequencing
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Populus trichocarpa
PROVIDER: GSE48584 | GEO | 2014/07/02
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA210756
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:The degradation and 3′ end modification of plant microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating miRNA function and stability. However, the process and mechanism of miRNA degradation and 3′ end modification has, to date, been poorly characterized. Here, we report that analysis of the two small RNA libraries constructed from two hickory floral differentiation stages by deep sequencing obtained a large number of truncated miRNAs and miRNAs with 3′ end modifications. The presence of so many truncated miRNAs suggests that plant miRNAs may be degraded through the 5′ to 3′ and 3′ to 5′ ends simultaneously, but the probability of miRNAs being truncated from the 3′ end was higher than from the 5′ end. Single- or double-nucleotide 3′ additions to miRNAs has been observed in many families. In this study, the 3′ addition of adenine to miRNA was the most common, accounting for more than 50% of all miRNA 3′ end modification in both small RNA libraries, followed by uridine addition. This suggests that the 3′ end modification of miRNAs shows a bias towards adenine and uridine in plants. Furthermore, we observed that both truncated miRNA and isomiR expressions associated with mature miRNAs. Our study provides more information regarding the degradation and 3′ end modification of miRNAs in plants. Examination of 2 different female flower buds
2014-07-02 | E-GEOD-48584 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:miRNA levels depend on both biogenesis and turnover. The methyltransferase HEN1 stabilizes plant miRNAs, animal piRNAs, and siRNAs in both kingdoms via 3' terminal methylation. Loss of HEN1 in plants results in non-templated oligo-uridylation and accelerated degradation of miRNAs. In hen1 mutants from Arabidopsis and rice, we found that the patterns of miRNA truncation and uridylation differ substantially among miRNA families, but such patterns for the same miRNA are conserved between species. miR166 and miR163 are truncated predominantly to ~17 and ~16 nt, and subsequently recover via uridylation to approximately their original sizes, 21 and 24 nt, suggesting that in these cases miRNA truncation triggers uridylation. miR171 is untruncated but uridylated to 22 nt in hen1 mutants, gaining the ability to trigger production of phased, secondary siRNAs. Truncated and tailed variants were bound by ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) in hen1, implying that these events occur while miRNAs are still bound by AGO1. Unexpectedly, a portion of miR158 in wildtype remains unmethylated and thus subject to uridylation and destabilization, suggesting that plants naturally utilize miRNA methylation to modulate miRNA accumulation. Our results suggest that the AGO1-containing RISC complex may undergo programming to reflect each bound miRNA, determining a defined, distinct decay destiny.
2013-07-22 | GSE35562 | GEO
Project description:Backgropund:In a major paradigm shift in the last decade, the knowledge about a whole class of non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs has emerged, which have proved these to be important regulators of a wide range of cellular processes by the way of modulation of gene expression. It is reported that some of these miRNAs are modified by addition or deletion of nucleotides at their ends, after biogenesis. However, the biogenesis and functions of these modifications are not well studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants. In this study, we examined the miRNA modifications in different tissues of the various plants, namely rice, tomato and Arabidopsis and identified some common features of such modifications. Results:We have analyzed different aspects of miRNA modifications in plants. To achieve this end, we developed a PERL script to find the modifications in the sequences using small RNA deep sequencing data. The modification occurs in both mature and passenger (star) strands, as well as at both the 5' and 3' ends of miRNAs. Interestingly, we found a position-specific nucleotide biased modification, as evident by increased number of modification at the 5' end with the presence of Cytosine (nucleotide 'C') at the 3âend of the miRNA sequence. The level of modifications is not strictly dependent on the abundance of miRNA. Our study showed that the modification events are independent of plant species, tissue and physiological conditions. Our analysis also indicates that the RNAi enzyme, namely, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) may not have any role in Arabidopsis miRNA modifications. Some of these modified miRNAs are bound to AGO1, suggesting their possible roles in biological processes. Conclusions:This is a first report that reveals that 5' nucleotide additions are preferred for mature miRNA sequences with 3â terminal âCâ nucleotide. Our analysis also indicates that the miRNAs modifications involving addition of nucleotides to the 5â or 3â end are independent of RDR6 activity and are not restricted by plant species, physiological conditions and tissue types. The results also indicate that such modifications might be important for biological processes. small RNA profiles of Healthy and ToLCV infected tomato leaves were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina GAII.
2015-10-24 | E-GEOD-53253 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Backgropund:In a major paradigm shift in the last decade, the knowledge about a whole class of non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs has emerged, which have proved these to be important regulators of a wide range of cellular processes by the way of modulation of gene expression. It is reported that some of these miRNAs are modified by addition or deletion of nucleotides at their ends, after biogenesis. However, the biogenesis and functions of these modifications are not well studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants. In this study, we examined the miRNA modifications in different tissues of the various plants, namely rice, tomato and Arabidopsis and identified some common features of such modifications. Results:We have analyzed different aspects of miRNA modifications in plants. To achieve this end, we developed a PERL script to find the modifications in the sequences using small RNA deep sequencing data. The modification occurs in both mature and passenger (star) strands, as well as at both the 5' and 3' ends of miRNAs. Interestingly, we found a position-specific nucleotide biased modification, as evident by increased number of modification at the 5' end with the presence of Cytosine (nucleotide 'C') at the 3âend of the miRNA sequence. The level of modifications is not strictly dependent on the abundance of miRNA. Our study showed that the modification events are independent of plant species, tissue and physiological conditions. Our analysis also indicates that the RNAi enzyme, namely, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) may not have any role in Arabidopsis miRNA modifications. Some of these modified miRNAs are bound to AGO1, suggesting their possible roles in biological processes. Conclusions:This is a first report that reveals that 5' nucleotide additions are preferred for mature miRNA sequences with 3â terminal âCâ nucleotide. Our analysis also indicates that the miRNAs modifications involving addition of nucleotides to the 5â or 3â end are independent of RDR6 activity and are not restricted by plant species, physiological conditions and tissue types. The results also indicate that such modifications might be important for biological processes. Total 14 samples were analyzed, each in a pair of control and heat stress.
2015-10-24 | E-GEOD-53252 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Backgropund:In a major paradigm shift in the last decade, the knowledge about a whole class of non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs has emerged, which have proved these to be important regulators of a wide range of cellular processes by the way of modulation of gene expression. It is reported that some of these miRNAs are modified by addition or deletion of nucleotides at their ends, after biogenesis. However, the biogenesis and functions of these modifications are not well studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants. In this study, we examined the miRNA modifications in different tissues of the various plants, namely rice, tomato and Arabidopsis and identified some common features of such modifications. Results:We have analyzed different aspects of miRNA modifications in plants. To achieve this end, we developed a PERL script to find the modifications in the sequences using small RNA deep sequencing data. The modification occurs in both mature and passenger (star) strands, as well as at both the 5' and 3' ends of miRNAs. Interestingly, we found a position-specific nucleotide biased modification, as evident by increased number of modification at the 5' end with the presence of Cytosine (nucleotide 'C') at the 3âend of the miRNA sequence. The level of modifications is not strictly dependent on the abundance of miRNA. Our study showed that the modification events are independent of plant species, tissue and physiological conditions. Our analysis also indicates that the RNAi enzyme, namely, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) may not have any role in Arabidopsis miRNA modifications. Some of these modified miRNAs are bound to AGO1, suggesting their possible roles in biological processes. Conclusions:This is a first report that reveals that 5' nucleotide additions are preferred for mature miRNA sequences with 3â terminal âCâ nucleotide. Our analysis also indicates that the miRNAs modifications involving addition of nucleotides to the 5â or 3â end are independent of RDR6 activity and are not restricted by plant species, physiological conditions and tissue types. The results also indicate that such modifications might be important for biological processes. small RNA profiles of wild type and RDR6 (-) of Arabidopsis plants were generated using deep sequencing data.
2015-10-24 | E-GEOD-53687 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Backgropund:In a major paradigm shift in the last decade, the knowledge about a whole class of non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs has emerged, which have proved these to be important regulators of a wide range of cellular processes by the way of modulation of gene expression. It is reported that some of these miRNAs are modified by addition or deletion of nucleotides at their ends, after biogenesis. However, the biogenesis and functions of these modifications are not well studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants. In this study, we examined the miRNA modifications in different tissues of the various plants, namely rice, tomato and Arabidopsis and identified some common features of such modifications. Results:We have analyzed different aspects of miRNA modifications in plants. To achieve this end, we developed a PERL script to find the modifications in the sequences using small RNA deep sequencing data. The modification occurs in both mature and passenger (star) strands, as well as at both the 5' and 3' ends of miRNAs. Interestingly, we found a position-specific nucleotide biased modification, as evident by increased number of modification at the 5' end with the presence of Cytosine (nucleotide 'C') at the 3’end of the miRNA sequence. The level of modifications is not strictly dependent on the abundance of miRNA. Our study showed that the modification events are independent of plant species, tissue and physiological conditions. Our analysis also indicates that the RNAi enzyme, namely, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) may not have any role in Arabidopsis miRNA modifications. Some of these modified miRNAs are bound to AGO1, suggesting their possible roles in biological processes. Conclusions:This is a first report that reveals that 5' nucleotide additions are preferred for mature miRNA sequences with 3’ terminal ‘C’ nucleotide. Our analysis also indicates that the miRNAs modifications involving addition of nucleotides to the 5’ or 3’ end are independent of RDR6 activity and are not restricted by plant species, physiological conditions and tissue types. The results also indicate that such modifications might be important for biological processes.
2015-10-24 | GSE53687 | GEO
Project description:Backgropund:In a major paradigm shift in the last decade, the knowledge about a whole class of non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs has emerged, which have proved these to be important regulators of a wide range of cellular processes by the way of modulation of gene expression. It is reported that some of these miRNAs are modified by addition or deletion of nucleotides at their ends, after biogenesis. However, the biogenesis and functions of these modifications are not well studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants. In this study, we examined the miRNA modifications in different tissues of the various plants, namely rice, tomato and Arabidopsis and identified some common features of such modifications. Results:We have analyzed different aspects of miRNA modifications in plants. To achieve this end, we developed a PERL script to find the modifications in the sequences using small RNA deep sequencing data. The modification occurs in both mature and passenger (star) strands, as well as at both the 5' and 3' ends of miRNAs. Interestingly, we found a position-specific nucleotide biased modification, as evident by increased number of modification at the 5' end with the presence of Cytosine (nucleotide 'C') at the 3’end of the miRNA sequence. The level of modifications is not strictly dependent on the abundance of miRNA. Our study showed that the modification events are independent of plant species, tissue and physiological conditions. Our analysis also indicates that the RNAi enzyme, namely, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) may not have any role in Arabidopsis miRNA modifications. Some of these modified miRNAs are bound to AGO1, suggesting their possible roles in biological processes. Conclusions:This is a first report that reveals that 5' nucleotide additions are preferred for mature miRNA sequences with 3’ terminal ‘C’ nucleotide. Our analysis also indicates that the miRNAs modifications involving addition of nucleotides to the 5’ or 3’ end are independent of RDR6 activity and are not restricted by plant species, physiological conditions and tissue types. The results also indicate that such modifications might be important for biological processes.
2015-10-24 | GSE53252 | GEO
Project description:Backgropund:In a major paradigm shift in the last decade, the knowledge about a whole class of non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs has emerged, which have proved these to be important regulators of a wide range of cellular processes by the way of modulation of gene expression. It is reported that some of these miRNAs are modified by addition or deletion of nucleotides at their ends, after biogenesis. However, the biogenesis and functions of these modifications are not well studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants. In this study, we examined the miRNA modifications in different tissues of the various plants, namely rice, tomato and Arabidopsis and identified some common features of such modifications. Results:We have analyzed different aspects of miRNA modifications in plants. To achieve this end, we developed a PERL script to find the modifications in the sequences using small RNA deep sequencing data. The modification occurs in both mature and passenger (star) strands, as well as at both the 5' and 3' ends of miRNAs. Interestingly, we found a position-specific nucleotide biased modification, as evident by increased number of modification at the 5' end with the presence of Cytosine (nucleotide 'C') at the 3’end of the miRNA sequence. The level of modifications is not strictly dependent on the abundance of miRNA. Our study showed that the modification events are independent of plant species, tissue and physiological conditions. Our analysis also indicates that the RNAi enzyme, namely, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) may not have any role in Arabidopsis miRNA modifications. Some of these modified miRNAs are bound to AGO1, suggesting their possible roles in biological processes. Conclusions:This is a first report that reveals that 5' nucleotide additions are preferred for mature miRNA sequences with 3’ terminal ‘C’ nucleotide. Our analysis also indicates that the miRNAs modifications involving addition of nucleotides to the 5’ or 3’ end are independent of RDR6 activity and are not restricted by plant species, physiological conditions and tissue types. The results also indicate that such modifications might be important for biological processes.
2015-10-24 | GSE53253 | GEO
Project description:The regulation of the miRNA pool is one of the critical events in the definition of cell identity and behavior both in steady-state condition as well during cell transitions. While mechanisms controlling biogenesis have received much attention, little is known about how miRNA are turned over, due to the lack of proper approaches to analyze miRNA decay without globally perturbing gene transcription or miRNA biogenesis. To overcome such limitations we developed a “pulse-chase” approach for the analysis of miRNA degradation dynamics at genome-wide scale in unperturbed mammalian cells. MiRNA half-lives appeared heterogeneous: while many species were very stable (T1/2 >24h, ‘slow’ miRNAs), some others are quickly turned over (T1/2 =4-14h ‘fast’ miRNAs). ‘Fast’ species comprises passenger miRNAs, as expected, and a consistent number (25/129) of guide miRNAs. These miRNAs are associated to high Target:miRNA stoichiometric ratios, particularly evident considering targets with extensive complementarity, and are enriched for 3’-end modifications (tailing and trimming), implying that target abundance and enzymatic activities are in place and mediates miRNA degradation. By integrating decay rates with biosynthetic parameters, we could model the abundance and regulation of miRNAs as a function of transcription and degradation rates and highlight how different decays could affect the magnitude and the kinetics of miRNA regulation. These findings were recapitulated in a specific biological process, namely the regulation of miRNAs by serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblast, pointing out how multiple regulatory mechanisms (synthesis, decay, target abundance and miRNA modification) concomitantly control miRNA functions.
2016-01-20 | GSE72655 | GEO
Project description:The regulation of the miRNA pool is one of the critical events in the definition of cell identity and behavior both in steady-state condition as well during cell transitions. While mechanisms controlling biogenesis have received much attention, little is known about how miRNA are turned over, due to the lack of proper approaches to analyze miRNA decay without globally perturbing gene transcription or miRNA biogenesis. To overcome such limitations we developed a “pulse-chase” approach for the analysis of miRNA degradation dynamics at genome-wide scale in unperturbed mammalian cells. MiRNA half-lives appeared heterogeneous: while many species were very stable (T1/2 >24h, ‘slow’ miRNAs), some others are quickly turned over (T1/2 =4-14h ‘fast’ miRNAs). ‘Fast’ species comprises passenger miRNAs, as expected, and a consistent number (25/129) of guide miRNAs. These miRNAs are associated to high Target:miRNA stoichiometric ratios, particularly evident considering targets with extensive complementarity, and are enriched for 3’-end modifications (tailing and trimming), implying that target abundance and enzymatic activities are in place and mediates miRNA degradation. By integrating decay rates with biosynthetic parameters, we could model the abundance and regulation of miRNAs as a function of transcription and degradation rates and highlight how different decays could affect the magnitude and the kinetics of miRNA regulation. These findings were recapitulated in a specific biological process, namely the regulation of miRNAs by serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblast, pointing out how multiple regulatory mechanisms (synthesis, decay, target abundance and miRNA modification) concomitantly control miRNA functions.
2016-01-20 | GSE72654 | GEO