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Global indiscriminate methylation in cell-specific gene promoters following reprogramming into human induced pluripotent stem cells

ABSTRACT: Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of somatic and pluripotent cells from different lineages (mesoderm, endoderm and parthenogenetic germ cells) The Illumina Infinium 27k Human DNA methylation Beadchip v1.2 was used to obtain DNA methylation profiles across approximately 27,000 CpGs. Samples included 1 Human ES cell line, 2 beta cells, 2 beta-iPS cells, 1 fibroblast, 2 fibroblast-iPS cells, 2 parthenogenetic cells and 3 parthenogenetic-iPS cells. Molecular reprogramming of somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is accompanied by extensive changes in gene expression patterns and epigenetic marks. To better understand the link between gene expression and DNA methylation, we have profiled human somatic cells from different embryonic cell types (endoderm, mesoderm and parthenogenetic germ cells) and the iPSCs generated from them. We show that reprogramming is accompanied by extensive DNA methylation in CpG-poor promoters, sparing CpG-rich promoters. Intriguingly, methylation in CpG-poor promoters occurred not only in downregulated genes, but also in genes that are not expressed in the parental somatic cells or their respective iPSCs. These genes are predominantly tissue-specific genes of other cell types from different lineages. Our results suggest a role of DNA methylation in the silencing of the somatic cell identity by global non-specific methylation of tissue-specific genes from all lineages, regardless of their expression in the parental somatic cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE52238 | GEO | 2014/05/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA227227

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Global indiscriminate methylation in cell-specific gene promoters following reprogramming into human induced pluripotent stem cells

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