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ChIP-seq analysis of chromatin state plasticity in primary human adult erythroid progenitor cells

ABSTRACT: We report a computational approach for investigation of chromatin state plasticity. We applied this approach to investigate an ENCODE ChIP-seq dataset profiling the genome-wide distribution of H3K27me3 in 19 human cell lines. We found that high plasticity regions (HPRs) can be divided into two functionally and mechanistically distinct groups, consisting of CpG island proximal and distal regions. We identified cell-type specific regulators correlating with H3K27me3 patterns at distal HPRs in ENCODE cell lines. Furthermore, we applied this approach to investigate mechanisms for poised enhancer establishment in primary human erythroid precursors. We predicted and validated a previously unrecognized role of TAL1 in modulating H3K27me3 patterns through interaction with additional cofactors, such as GFI1B. Our integrative approach provides mechanistic insights into chromatin state plasticity and is broadly applicable to other epigenetic marks.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE52924 | GEO | 2014/01/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA230472

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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ChIP-seq analysis of chromatin state plasticity in primary human adult erythroid progenitor cells

Project description:We report a computational approach for investigation of chromatin state plasticity. We applied this approach to investigate an ENCODE ChIP-seq dataset profiling the genome-wide distribution of H3K27me3 in 19 human cell lines. We found that high plasticity regions (HPRs) can be divided into two functionally and mechanistically distinct groups, consisting of CpG island proximal and distal regions. We identified cell-type specific regulators correlating with H3K27me3 patterns at distal HPRs in ENCODE cell lines. Furthermore, we applied this approach to investigate mechanisms for poised enhancer establishment in primary human erythroid precursors. We predicted and validated a previously unrecognized role of TAL1 in modulating H3K27me3 patterns through interaction with additional cofactors, such as GFI1B. Our integrative approach provides mechanistic insights into chromatin state plasticity and is broadly applicable to other epigenetic marks. Analysis of genomic occupancy of H3K27me3, H3K27ac, GATA1, TAL1/SCL and GFI1B in primary adult human proerythroblasts by ChIP-seq.

2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-52924 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Resetting epigenetic memory by reprogramming of histone modifications in mammals

Project description:Polycomb group proteins and the related histone modification H3K27me3 can maintain the silencing of key developmental regulators and provide cellular memory. However, how such epigenetic state is reprogrammed and inherited between generations is poorly understood. Using an ultra-sensitive approach STAR ChIP-seq, we investigated H3K27me3 across 14 developmental stages along mouse gametogenesis and early development. Interestingly, highly pervasive H3K27me3 was found in regions depleted of transcription and DNA methylation in oocytes. Unexpectedly, we observed extensive loss of promoter H3K27me3 at Hox and other developmental genes upon fertilization. This is accompanied by global erasure of sperm H3K27me3 but inheritance of distal H3K27me3 from oocytes. The resulting allele-specific H3K27me3 patterns persist to blastocysts before being converted to canonical forms in postimplantation embryos, where both the H3K4me3/H3K27me3 bivalent promoter marks are restored at developmental genes. Together, these data revealed widespread resetting of epigenetic memory and striking plasticity of epigenome during gametogenesis and early development.

2016-09-15 | GSE76687 | GEO

A comparative epigenomics approach reveals REST as a mediator of Polycomb reprogramming during neuronal differentiation

Project description:Transcription factors (TFs) in concert with chromatin pathways stably reset transcriptional programs during differentiation. Yet we know little how local sites of chromatin reprogramming are specified and how the estimated 3000 TF encoded in mammalian genomes contribute to chromatin dynamics. To identify candidate TFs we developed an integrated computational approach (Epi-MARA) that models chromatin dynamics in terms of predicted transcription factor binding sites and show that it correctly predicts key TFs involved in epigenome reorganization. When applied to a time course of genome-wide H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), a chromatin mark set by the Polycomb system, during neuronal differentiation of murine stem cells Epi-MARA predicted that the repressive transcription factor REST contributes to a gain of H3K27me3 at a subset of promoters during the transition from the stem to the progenitor state. To test this prediction we identified, genome-wide, the actual binding sites of REST and H3K27me3 during the differentiation in cells that are either wildtype or in which REST had been deleted. REST indeed localizes to a subset of sites that gain H3K27me3 in progenitors. Importantly, absence of REST in trans leads to a loss of H3K27me3 predominantly in the neuronal progenitor state and specifically at those regions where REST was bound. This function further requires REST binding sites in cis as their mutation leads to substantial loss of H3K27me3. Taken together we provide a novel approach to identify epigenome and TF crosstalk during cellular reprogramming and prove experimentally the prediction that REST acts as an important recruiter of Polycomb repression during early steps of neurogenesis. Dataset comprises of 15 ChIP-seq samples using chromatin from embryonic stem (ES) and neuronal progentor (NP) of wildtype and RESTko cells, which was immunoprecipitated, using antibodies against REST, H3K27me3, or Suz12

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Site- and allele-specific de-silencing of polycomb repressive activity by insertional oncogenesis: a new recurrent mechanism of TAL1 activation in T-ALL

Project description:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia’s (T-ALL) are malignant proliferations of thymocytes occurring through a large diversity of genomic and epigenetic alteration. TAL1 is amongst the most frequently deregulated oncogenes. Known TAL1 dysregulation mechanisms consist of t(1;14) translocations and SIL-TAL deletions. Yet, over half of TAL1+ cases lack TAL1 lesions, pointing to unrecognized (epi)genetic deregulation mechanisms. In such “unresolved cases”, TAL1 expression can be mono-allelic, compatible with a direct alteration in cis within or around the TAL1 gene, or bi-allelic, likely reflecting indirect deregulation in trans. Using ChIP-seq, we show that TAL1 is normally silenced in the T-cell lineage, and that the polycomb H3K27me3 repressive mark is focally diminished in TAL1+ T-ALLs. Sequencing revealed that >20% of mono-allelic TAL1+ patients without previously known alterations display micro-insertions or RAG1/2-mediated episomal reintegration in a single site 5’ to TAL1. Using “allelic-ChIP” and CrispR assays, we demonstrate that such insertions induce selective switch from H3K27me3 to H3K27ac at the inserted but not the germline allele. We also show that, despite a considerable mechanistic diversity, the mode of oncogenic TAL1 activation, rather than expression levels, impact on clinical outcome. Altogether, these studies reveal a new adverse mechanism of mono-allelic oncogenic activation through site-specific epigenetic de-silencing. ChIP-seq experiments were designed to asses the dynamic enrichment of H3K27me3 and H3K27ac marks on the genome and understand the mechanisms underlying the TAL1 expression cys-regulation.

2014-07-10 | E-GEOD-59257 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Systematic Identification of Defined Conditions for Induction and Maintenance of Naive Human Pluripotency [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) of mice and humans have distinct molecular and biological characteristics, raising the question whether an earlier ‘naive’ state of pluripotency may exist in humans. Here we took a systematic approach to identify small molecules that support autonomous self-renewal of naive human ESCs based on maintenance of endogenous OCT4 distal enhancer activity, a molecular signature of ground state pluripotency. Iterative chemical screening identified a combination of five kinase inhibitors that induces and maintains OCT4 distal enhancer activity when applied directly to conventional human ESCs. These inhibitors generate a homogeneous population of human pluripotent stem cells in which transcription factors associated with the ground state of pluripotency are highly upregulated. Comparison with previously reported naive human ESCs indicates that our kinase inhibitor cocktail captures a novel pluripotent state in humans that closely resembles mouse ESCs. ChIP-seq data from human embryonic stem cells in naive and primed conditions were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina Hi-Seq 2000.

2014-07-16 | E-GEOD-59434 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Histone H3.3 lysine 9 and 27 control repressive chromatin states at cryptic cis-regulatory elements and bivalent promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells

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Overexpression of Gfi1b in a pro-B Abelson murine leukemia virus transformed cell line

Project description:We have conducted a screen for factors that downregulate expression of the genes encoding the V(D)J recombinase (RAG1 and RAG2) during B cell development. We have identified the transcription factor Gfi1B as being one of the proteins capable of decreasing RAG transcription when overexpressed in Ableson transormed ProB cell lines. We have yet to determine whether the overexpression of Gfi1B downregulates the RAGs directly, or whether it initiates a signalling programme that results in RAG downregulation. We hypothesize that by comparing global gene expression patterns in cells that overexpress Gfi1B and those that do not, we can distinguish between these possibilities and additionally gain insight into the broader genetic program that may be influenced by Gfi1B during hematopoiesis. Abelson pro-B cells were infected with a retrovirus encoding Gfi1b fused to the estrogen receptor domain. Gfi1b expression was induced by adding tamoxifen to the culture medium for 12h. Three biological replicates of untreated and treated cells were analyzed.

2011-12-13 | E-GEOD-33709 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A comparative epigenomics approach reveals REST as a mediator of Polycomb reprogramming during neuronal differentiation

2012-09-04 | GSE27148 | GEO

Enriched Single-Nucleus RNA-Sequencing Reveals Unique Attributes of Distal Convoluted Tubule Cells

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