Project description:Objective: Globally, esophageal cancer is among the most deadly cancer forms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are frequently found to have important regulatory roles. We aim to assess the lncRNA expression profile of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and identify prognosis related lncRNAs. Design: LncRNA expression profiles were studied by microarray in paired tumor and normal tissues from 119 ESCC patients, and validated by qRT-PCR. The 119 patients were subsequently divided randomly into training (n=60) and test (n=59) groups. A prognostic signature was developed from the training group using a random forest supervised classification algorithm and a nearest shrunken centroid algorithm, and validated in test group and further in an independent cohort (n=60). The independence of the signature in survival prediction was evaluated by Multivariable Cox regression analysis. Results: LncRNAs showed significantly altered expression in ESCC tissues. From the training group, we identified a three-lncRNA signature (including the lncRNAs ENST00000435885•1, XLOC_013014, and ENST00000547963•1) which classified the patients into two groups with significantly different overall survival (median survival 19•2 months vs. not reached, p<0•0001). The signature was applied to the test group (median survival 21•5 months vs. not reached, p=0•0030) and independent cohort (median survival 25•8 months vs. not reached, p=0•0187) and showed similar prognostic values in both. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the signature was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. Stratified analysis suggested that the signature was prognostic within clinical stages. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the three-lncRNA signature can serve as a novel biomarker for the prognosis of ESCC patients. Application of it allows for more accurate survival prediction. The lncRNA expression profiles of cancer and adjacent normal tissues form 119 ESCC patients were studied by microarray and an lncRNA signature that can perdict the survival of ESCC patients was identified.

Project description:Background. Androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) is a truncated form of the androgen receptor protein which lacks the ligand-binding domain, the target of enzalutamide and abiraterone, but remains constitutively active as a transcription factor. We hypothesized that detection of AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from men with advanced prostate cancer would be associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone. Methods. We used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) to interrogate CTCs for the presence or absence of AR-V7 from prospectively enrolled patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer initiating treatment with either enzalutamide or abiraterone. We examined associations between AR-V7 status and PSA response rates, PSA-progression-free-survival (PSA-PFS), clinical/radiographic-progression-free-survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent effect of AR-V7 status on clinical outcomes. Results. Thirty-one enzalutamide-treated patients and thirty-one abiraterone-treated patients were enrolled, of which 38.7% and 19.4% had detectable AR-V7 from CTCs, respectively. Among men receiving enzalutamide, AR-V7–positive patients had inferior PSA response rates (0% vs 52.6%, P=0.004), PSA-PFS (median: 1.4 vs 6.0 months, P<0.001), PFS (median: 2.1 vs 6.1 months, P<0.001), and OS (median: 5.5 months vs not reached, P=0.002) compared to AR-V7–negative patients. Similarly, among men receiving abiraterone, AR-V7–positive patients had inferior PSA response rates (0% vs 68.0%, P=0.004), PSA-PFS (median: 1.3 months vs not reached, P<0.001), PFS (median: 2.3 months vs not reached, P<0.001), and OS (median: 10.6 months vs not reached, P=0.006). The negative prognostic impact of AR-V7 was maintained after adjusting for full-length-AR expression. Conclusions. Detection of AR-V7 in CTCs from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer is associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone.

Project description:Background. Androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) is a truncated form of the androgen receptor protein which lacks the ligand-binding domain, the target of enzalutamide and abiraterone, but remains constitutively active as a transcription factor. We hypothesized that detection of AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from men with advanced prostate cancer would be associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone. Methods. We used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) to interrogate CTCs for the presence or absence of AR-V7 from prospectively enrolled patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer initiating treatment with either enzalutamide or abiraterone. We examined associations between AR-V7 status and PSA response rates, PSA-progression-free-survival (PSA-PFS), clinical/radiographic-progression-free-survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent effect of AR-V7 status on clinical outcomes. Results. Thirty-one enzalutamide-treated patients and thirty-one abiraterone-treated patients were enrolled, of which 38.7% and 19.4% had detectable AR-V7 from CTCs, respectively. Among men receiving enzalutamide, AR-V7–positive patients had inferior PSA response rates (0% vs 52.6%, P=0.004), PSA-PFS (median: 1.4 vs 6.0 months, P<0.001), PFS (median: 2.1 vs 6.1 months, P<0.001), and OS (median: 5.5 months vs not reached, P=0.002) compared to AR-V7–negative patients. Similarly, among men receiving abiraterone, AR-V7–positive patients had inferior PSA response rates (0% vs 68.0%, P=0.004), PSA-PFS (median: 1.3 months vs not reached, P<0.001), PFS (median: 2.3 months vs not reached, P<0.001), and OS (median: 10.6 months vs not reached, P=0.006). The negative prognostic impact of AR-V7 was maintained after adjusting for full-length-AR expression. Conclusions. Detection of AR-V7 in CTCs from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer is associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone. A total of four metastatic castration-resistant prostate tumor samples from four patients were subjected to RNA-seq. Two samples were positive for androgen receptor splice variant 7 and the other two were negative for this variant.

Project description:Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignancy with a low but variable overall survival rate. Even after complete tumor resection, over half of patients develop recurrent disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be involved in cancer initiation/progression and as markers of cancer prognosis. The role of lncRNAs in ACC is poorly understood. Thus, in this study we performed lncRNA expression profiling in ACC, adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) and normal adrenal cortex (NAC). Total RNA was extracted from fresh frozen tissue samples (11 ACA, nine ACC and five NAC samples) with histopathological confirmed diagnosis. ArrayStar Human LncRNA/mRNA Expression Microarray V3.0 was used for transcriptome analysis. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were validated using TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR in a validation cohort including an additional 10 ACCs. The ACC dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project was used to evaluate the prognostic utility of lncRNAs found to be differentially expressed in ACC. Survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and differences in survival rates were assessed using a log-rank test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify lncRNA-associated biological signaling pathways. Unsupervised hierarchical and heat map clustering showed distinct clustering of ACC samples compared with NAC and ACA samples by lncRNA expression profiles. A total of 874 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between ACC and NAC, including known carcinogenesis-related lncRNAs such as HOTTIP, HOXA11-AS1, CRNDE, LINC00271 and TBXAS1. One thousand seventy-six lncRNAs were differentially expressed between ACC and ACA. LINC00271 was a prognostic marker, with patients with low LINC00271 expression surviving significantly shorter than patients with a high LINC00271 expression. Median survival time (MST) for the low-expression group was 1788 days, whereas the MST was not reached for the high-expression group (P < 0.019). Importantly, low LINC00271 expression was positively associated with WNT signaling, cell cycle, chromosome segregation and tissue morphogenesis pathways. ACC has a distinct lncRNA expression profile. LINC00271 is a prognostic marker in ACC and is involved in biological pathways commonly dysregulated in ACC.

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LncRNA profile study reveals a three-lncRNA signature associated with the survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients (original)

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