Early B-cell Factor 1 Regulates Adipocyte Morphology and Lipolysis in White Adipose Tissue
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE54890 | GEO | 2014/05/22
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA237970
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2014-05-22 | E-GEOD-54890 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:White adipose tissue (WAT) morphology characterized by hypertrophy (i.e., fewer but larger adipocytes) associates with increased adipose inflammation, lipolysis, insulin resistance, and risk of diabetes. However, the causal relationships and the mechanisms controlling WAT morphology are unclear. Herein, we identified EBF1 as an adipocyte-expressed transcription factor with decreased expression/activity in WAT hypertrophy. In human adipocytes, the regulatory targets of EBF1 were enriched for genes controlling lipolysis and adipocyte morphology/differentiation, and in both humans and murine models, reduced EBF1 levels associated with increased lipolysis and adipose hypertrophy. Although EBF1 did not affect adipose inflammation, TNFα reduced EBF1 gene expression. High-fat diet intervention in Ebf1(+/-) mice resulted in more pronounced WAT hypertrophy and attenuated insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type littermate controls. We conclude that EBF1 is an important regulator of adipose morphology and fat cell lipolysis and may constitute a link between WAT inflammation, altered lipid metabolism, adipose hypertrophy, and insulin resistance.
| S-EPMC4109056 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Examination of EBf1 binding by ChIP-seq in differentiated human adipose stromal cell (hASC) pre-adipocyte Pre-Adipocytes differentiated in-vitro were fixed in 1% formaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature and quenched for 5 min by adding glycine to a final concentration of 0.125 M. ChIP assays were then performed with custom-made EBF1 antibody or rabbit IgG . ChIP-sequencing libraries were prepared using NEBnext chip-seq library Prep master mix set from 5 ng of anti-EBF1 and anti-IgG ChIP DNA, respectively. Sequence data were generated with Illumina HiSeq 2000 single-read sequencing and aligned against the human genome (hg19, NCBI).
2014-05-22 | E-GEOD-54889 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To investgate the role of EBF1 in human adipocyte, we performed global expression profiling in human adipocytes transfected with siRNA targeting EBF1. Human adipocytes differentiated in vitro were transfected with siRNA targeting EBF1 or Non-targeting Control. The cells were incubated for approximately 48 hours upon which Total RNA were purified. Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST arrays (Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, CA). Data were analyzed with packages available from Bioconductor (www.bioconductor.org). Normalization and calculation of gene expression was performed with the Robust Multichip Average expression measure using oligo package. Prior to further analysis, a non-specific filter was applied to include genes with expression signal >30 in at least 20% of all samples. A total of three independent transfection experiments were performed for the pre-adipocytes obtained from one donor. Same experiment were repeated with cells from another donor.
2014-05-22 | E-GEOD-42680 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To investgate the role of EBF1 in human adipocyte, we performed global expression profiling in human adipocytes transfected with siRNA targeting EBF1.
2014-05-22 | GSE42680 | GEO
Project description:Examination of EBf1 binding by ChIP-seq in differentiated human adipose stromal cell (hASC) pre-adipocyte
2014-05-22 | GSE54889 | GEO
Project description:Prolyl hydroxylase enzymes (PHDs) sense cellular oxygen upstream of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling, leading to HIF degradation in normoxic conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that adipose PHD2 inhibition plays a key role in the suppression of adipocyte lipolysis. Adipose Phd2 gene ablation in mice enhanced adiposity, with a parallel increase in adipose vascularization associated with reduced circulating nonesterified fatty acid levels and normal glucose homeostasis. Phd2 gene-depleted adipocytes exhibited lower basal lipolysis in normoxia and reduced ?-adrenergic-stimulated lipolysis in both normoxia and hypoxia. A selective PHD inhibitor suppressed lipolysis in murine and human adipocytes in vitro and in vivo in mice. PHD2 genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition attenuated protein levels of the key lipolytic effectors hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), suggesting a link between adipocyte oxygen sensing and fatty acid release. PHD2 mRNA levels correlated positively with mRNA levels of AB-hydrolase domain containing-5, an activator of ATGL, and negatively with mRNA levels of lipid droplet proteins, perilipin, and TIP47 in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Therapeutic pseudohypoxia caused by PHD2 inhibition in adipocytes blunts lipolysis and promotes benign adipose tissue expansion and may have therapeutic applications in obesity or lipodystrophy.
| S-EPMC5366882 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Among the four prostaglandin E2 receptors, EP3 receptor is the one most abundantly expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT). The mouse EP3 gene gives rise to three isoforms, namely EP3α, EP3β, and EP3γ, which differ only at their C-terminal tails. To date, functions of EP3 receptor and its isoforms in WAT remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we found that the expression of all EP3 isoforms were downregulated in WAT of both db/db and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Genetic ablation of three EP3 receptor isoforms (EP3-/- mice) or EP3α and EP3γ isoforms with EP3β intact (EP3β mice) led to an obese phenotype with increased food intake, decreased motor activity, reduced insulin sensitivity, and elevated serum triglycerides. Since the differentiation of preadipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts to adipocytes was markedly facilitated by either pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion/inhibition of EP3 receptor via the cAMP/PKA/PPARγ pathway, increased adipogenesis may contribute to obesity in EP3-/- and EP3β mice. Moreover, both EP3-/- and EP3β mice had increased lipolysis in WAT mainly due to the activated cAMP/PKA/hormone-sensitive lipase pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that EP3 receptor and its α and γ isoforms are involved in both adipogenesis and lipolysis and influence food intake, serum lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity.
| S-EPMC5181317 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveAdipose tissue may contain few large adipocytes (hypertrophy) or many small adipocytes (hyperplasia). We investigated factors of putative importance for adipose tissue morphology.Research design and methodsSubcutaneous adipocyte size and total fat mass were compared in 764 subjects with BMI 18-60 kg/m(2). A morphology value was defined as the difference between the measured adipocyte volume and the expected volume given by a curved-line fit for a given body fat mass and was related to insulin values. In 35 subjects, in vivo adipocyte turnover was measured by exploiting incorporation of atmospheric (14)C into DNA.ResultsOccurrence of hyperplasia (negative morphology value) or hypertrophy (positive morphology value) was independent of sex and body weight but correlated with fasting plasma insulin levels and insulin sensitivity, independent of adipocyte volume (beta-coefficient = 0.3, P < 0.0001). Total adipocyte number and morphology were negatively related (r = -0.66); i.e., the total adipocyte number was greatest in pronounced hyperplasia and smallest in pronounced hypertrophy. The absolute number of new adipocytes generated each year was 70% lower (P < 0.001) in hypertrophy than in hyperplasia, and individual values for adipocyte generation and morphology were strongly related (r = 0.7, P < 0.001). The relative death rate (approximately 10% per year) or mean age of adipocytes (approximately 10 years) was not correlated with morphology.ConclusionsAdipose tissue morphology correlates with insulin measures and is linked to the total adipocyte number independently of sex and body fat level. Low generation rates of adipocytes associate with adipose tissue hypertrophy, whereas high generation rates associate with adipose hyperplasia.
| S-EPMC2797910 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveBeclin1 is a core molecule of the macroautophagy machinery. Although dysregulation of macroautophagy is known to be involved in metabolic disorders, the function of Beclin1 in adipocyte metabolism has not been investigated. In the present study, we aimed to study the role of Beclin1 in lipolysis and mitochondrial homeostasis of adipocytes.MethodsAutophagic flux during lipolysis was examined in adipocytes cultured in vitro and in the adipose tissue of mice. Adipocyte-specific Beclin1 knockout (KO) mice were used to investigate the activities of Beclin1 in adipose tissues.ResultscAMP/PKA signaling increased the autophagic flux in adipocytes differentiated from C3H10T1/2 cells. In vivo autophagic flux was higher in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) than that in the white adipose tissue and was further increased by the ?3 adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243. In addition, surgical denervation of BAT greatly reduced autophagic flux, indicating that sympathetic nerve activity is a major regulator of tissue autophagy. Adipocyte-specific KO of Beclin1 led to a hypertrophic enlargement of lipid droplets in BAT and impaired CL316243-induced lipolysis/lipid mobilization and energy expenditure. While short-term effects of Beclin1 deletion were characterized by an increase in mitochondrial proteins, long-term Beclin1 deletion led to severe disruption of autophagy, resulting in mitochondrial loss, and dramatically reduced the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Consequently, adipose tissue underwent increased activation of cell death signaling pathways, macrophage recruitment, and inflammation, particularly in BAT.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the critical roles of Beclin1 in the maintenance of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis in adipose tissues.
| S-EPMC7235646 | biostudies-literature