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Proper chromatin programming during spermatogenesis is required for embryonic development

ABSTRACT: Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs and histone modifications control gene expression. Studies suggest that a father's lifetime experiences can be transmitted to his offspring to affect development and health. The mechanisms underlying such epigenetic inheritance are unknown. A potential route for paternal transmission is the unique chromatin composition of spermatozoa. Unlike somatic cells and oocytes, most nucleosomes in sperm are replaced with protamine nucleoproteins. The role of residual nucleosomes, residing at gene regulatory sequences, for epigenetic control of embryonic development is unknown. Here we generated a transgenic mouse model in which over-expression of the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase LSD1/KDM1A during spermatogenesis alters H3K4 methylation in sperm. Strikingly, KDM1A over-expression in one generation causes severe embryonic defects in non-transgenic descendants spanning three subsequent generations. We show for the first time that correct histone methylation homeostasis during spermatogenesis is critical for offspring development and survival over multiple generations.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE55471 | GEO | 2015/11/03

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA239699

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Proper chromatin programming during spermatogenesis is required for embryonic development

Project description:Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs and histone modifications control gene expression. Studies suggest that a father's lifetime experiences can be transmitted to his offspring to affect development and health. The mechanisms underlying such epigenetic inheritance are unknown. A potential route for paternal transmission is the unique chromatin composition of spermatozoa. Unlike somatic cells and oocytes, most nucleosomes in sperm are replaced with protamine nucleoproteins. The role of residual nucleosomes, residing at gene regulatory sequences, for epigenetic control of embryonic development is unknown. Here we generated a transgenic mouse model in which over-expression of the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase LSD1/KDM1A during spermatogenesis alters H3K4 methylation in sperm. Strikingly, KDM1A over-expression in one generation causes severe embryonic defects in non-transgenic descendants spanning three subsequent generations. We show for the first time that correct histone methylation homeostasis during spermatogenesis is critical for offspring development and survival over multiple generations. Identification of H3K4me2 and nucleosome occupancies in sperm of wildtype mice, KDM1A transgenic mice and their non-transgenic littermates.

2015-11-03 | E-GEOD-55471 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Disruption of histone methylation in developing sperm impairs offspring health transgenerationally [embryo]

Project description:A father’s lifetime experiences can be transmitted to his offspring to affect health and development. The mechanisms underlying paternal epigenetic transmission are unclear. Unlike somatic cells, there are few nucleosomes in sperm and their function in epigenetic inheritance is unknown. We generated transgenic mice in which overexpression of the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase LSD1/KDM1A during spermatogenesis reduced H3K4 dimethylation in sperm. KDM1A overexpression in one generation severely impaired development and survivability of offspring. These defects persisted transgenerationally in the absence of KDM1A germ line expression and were associated with altered RNA profiles in sperm and offspring. We show that epigenetic inheritance of aberrant development can be initiated by histone demethylase activity in developing sperm, without changes to DNA methylation at CpG-rich regions.

2015-10-08 | GSE66051 | GEO

Disruption of histone methylation in developing sperm impairs offspring health transgenerationally [sperm]

2015-10-08 | GSE66050 | GEO

Repressive and active histone methylation mark distinct promoters in human and mouse spermatozoa (Illumina)

Project description:In higher eukaryotes, histone methylation is involved in the maintenance of cellular identity during somatic development. During spermatogenesis, Since most nucleosomes are replaced by protamines during spermatogenesis . Iit is therefore unclear whether if histone modifications function in paternal transmission of epigenetic information. Here we show that H3K4 di-methylation (H3K4me2) and H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3), two modifications important for Trithorax and Polycomb-mediated gene regulation, display methylation-specific distributions at regulatory regions in human spermatozoa. H3K4 dimethylation H3K4me2-marksed promoters of genes relevant control gene functions in spermatogenesis and cellular homeostasis suggesting that this mark reflects germline transcription. In contrast, H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) marks promoters of key developmental regulators in sperm like in somatic cells. Promoters of orthologous genes are similarly modified in mouse spermatozoa. Further, particularly genes with extensive H3K27me3 coverage around transcriptional start sites are never expressed during male and female gametogenesis, nor in pre-implantation embryos. These data are compatible with a function for Polycomb in repressing somatic determinants across generations. Importantly, however, we observe only modest selective retention of nucleosomes at regulatory regions in human sperm suggesting that paternal transmission of H3K27me3-encoded epigenetic information may be subjected to variegation. Identification of nucleosome containing regions in 6 human sperm samples

2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-19889 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Repressive and active histone methylation mark distinct promoters in human and mouse spermatozoa (Illumina)

2010-05-16 | GSE19889 | GEO

RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of 1) C. elegans male germlines vs. oogenic germlines, and 2) male germlines, sperm, and F1 offspring germlines when offspring inherited sperm chromatin lacking H3K27me3.

Project description:Paternal contributions to epigenetic inheritance are not well understood. We report that in C. elegans sperm, the genome is packaged in nucleosomes and carries a histone-based epigenetic memory of gene expressions during spermatogenesis. In mature sperm, genes with spermatogenesis-specific expression are marked with both active and represseive histone modifications and genes with oogenesis-enriched expression are marked with active histone modifications. We showed that genes with oogenesis-enriched expression are in fact transcribed in spermatogenic germlines. We tested if sperm chromatin marking is necessary for germ cell development in offspring that inherit both sperm and oocyte chromosomes, using male parents that either can or cannot generate H3K27me3. Males homozygous for a mutation in mes-3, which encodes a member of the worm PRC2 complex, were mated with feminized mes-3/+ heterozygous worms to produce offspring that inherited sperm chromosomes lacking H3K27me3. We call these offspring M+P- or MpPm (Maternal chromosomes are + or plus for H3K27me3, Paternal chromosomes are - or minus for H3K27me3). Most of the resulting mes-3 homozygous M+P- offspring developed into sterile adults in this sensitized genetic background. In contrast, genetically identical control offspring that received appropriate H3K27me3-marked sperm chromosomes (M+P+ or MpPp) displayed low sterility. We compared genes mis-regulated in mes-3 male germlines versus control him-8 male germlines, mature sperm from those germlines, and germlines of mes-3 mutant F1 offspring that inherited sperm chromatin lacking H3K27me3 (M+P-) versus inherited sperm chromatin with H3K27me3 (M+P+), based on RNA-seq.

2018-07-23 | GSE115708 | GEO

Repressive and active histone methylation mark distinct promoters in human and mouse spermatozoa (Nimblegen)

2010-05-16 | GSE13863 | GEO

Repressive and active histone methylation mark distinct promoters in human and mouse spermatozoa (Nimblegen)

Project description:In higher eukaryotes, histone methylation is involved in the maintenance of cellular identity during somatic development. During spermatogenesis, most nucleosomes are replaced by protamines. Therefore, it is unclear if histone modifications function in paternal transmission of epigenetic information. Here we show that active H3K4 di-methylation (H3K4me2) and repressive H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3), two modifications important for Trithorax and Polycomb-mediated gene regulation, are present in chromatin of human spermatozoa and show methylation-specific distributions at regulatory regions. H3K4me2-marked promoters control gene functions in spermatogenesis and cellular homeostasis suggesting that this mark reflects germline transcription. In contrast, H3K27me3 marks promoters of key developmental regulators in sperm as in soma. Many H3K27me3-marked genes are never expressed in the male and female germline, and in early “totipotent” embryos, suggesting a function for Polycomb in repressing somatic determinants across generations. Targets of H3K4me2 and H3K27me3 are also modified in mouse spermatozoa, implicating an evolutionary conserved role for histone methylation in chromatin inheritance via the male germline. Chromatin immuno precipitation (ChIP) was performed on sperm samples obtained from 9 normospermic donors. DNA associated with H3K4me2 or H3K27me3 was precipitated using specific antibodies. Input and precipitated DNA were amplified and hybridized to a tiling microarray (NimbleGen Systems Inc.) representing 18029 promoter regions (2200bp upstream to 500bp downstream of transcription start sites) of all RefSeq annotated human genes. For each modification 3 independent ChIP experiments were performed of which one was hybridized in a dye swap configuration.

2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-13863 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Sperm histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation is altered in a genetic mouse model of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

Project description:Advancing the molecular knowledge surrounding fertility and inheritance has become critical given the halving of sperm counts in the last 40 years, and the rise in complex disease which cannot be explained by genetics alone. The connection between both these trends may lie in alterations to the sperm epigenome and occur through environmental exposures. Changes to the sperm epigenome are also associated with health risks across generations such as metabolic disorders and cancer. Thus it is imperative to identify the epigenetic modifications that escape reprogramming during spermatogenesis. Here, we aimed to identify the chromatin signature(s) associated with transgenerational phenotypes in our genetic mouse model of epigenetic inheritance that overexpresses the histone demethylase KDM1A in their germ cells. We used sperm-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by in depth sequencing (ChIP-seq), and computational analysis to identify whether differential enrichment of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) serve as mechanisms for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance through the paternal germline. Our analysis on the sperm of KDM1A transgenic males revealed specific changes in H3K4me3 enrichment that occurred independently from non-bivalent H3K4me3/H3K27me3 regions. Many regions with altered H3K4me3 enrichment in sperm were identified on the paternal allele of the pre-implantation embryo. These findings suggest that sperm H3K4me3 functions in the transmission of non-genetic phenotypes transgenerationally.

2020-10-15 | GSE145679 | GEO

Density and methylation state of CpG dinucleotides define histone variant specific retention of nucleosomes in mouse spermatozoa

Project description:Nucleosomes are the principal packaging units of chromatin and critical for gene regulation and genome stability. In mammals, a subset of nucleosomes fail to be replaced by protamines during spermatogenesis and are retained in mature spermatozoa providing opportunities for paternal epigenetic transmission. In humans, the remaining 10% localize at regulatory elements of genes. To assess evolutionary conservation and to dissect the molecular logic underlying nucleosome retention, we determined the genome wide nucleosome occupancy in mouse spermatozoa that only contain 1% residual histones. In striking contrast to mammalian somatic cells and haploid round spermatids, we observe high enrichment of nucleosomes at CpG-rich sequences throughout the genome, at conserved regulatory sequences as well as at intra- and intergenic regions and repetitive DNA. This preferred occupancy occurs mutually exclusive with DNA methylation both in mouse and human sperm. At unmethylated CpG-rich sequences, residing nucleosomes are largely composed of the H3.3 histone variant, and trimethylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). Both canonical H3.1/H3.2 and H3.3 variant histones are present at promoters marked by Polycomb-mediated H3K27me3, which is strongly predictive for gene repression in pre-implantation embryos. Our data indicate important roles of DNA sequence composition, DNA methylation, variant H3.3 and canonical H3.1/H3.2 histones and associated modifications in nucleosome retention versus eviction during the histone-to-protamine remodeling process in elongating spermatids and potentially in epigenetic inheritance by nucleosomes between generations. Identification of histone, histone variant and histone modification states in round spermatids and sperm

2013-06-15 | E-GEOD-42629 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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