Differential expression of microRNA in Muc2-/- mouse colonic epithelial cells
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): synthetic construct Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE56577 | GEO | 2014/05/31
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA243970
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Intestinal epithelia are protected by a layer of mucin secreted by goblet cells against mechanical and chemical injuries, potent causes of inflammation, and the most abundant secreted intestinal mucin is encoded by the Muc2 gene. Genetic deletion of Muc2 causes intestinal inflammation in early stage and tumors after 3 months. The underlying mechanisms are not clear, but epigenetic alterations, particularly, up- and down-regulated microRNAs are involved in the malignant transformation from colitis to cancer. We used miRNA array to profile the differential expression of the miRNAs in Muc2-/- mouse colonic epithelial lin comparison with those in wild-type mice. Total RNA were extracted from mouse colonic epithelial cells and Muc2-/- and +/+, and the RNA were hybridized on Affymetrix miRNA microarray to determine the alterations of miRNAs during colitis development and its malignant transformation from colitis to cancer. To the end, we found miRNA were differential expressed in the Muc2-/- mice, among them 20 miRNAs were significantly downregulated and 71 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in Muc2-/- mice, in comparison with Muc2+/+ mice (change fold >2 or <0.5; T<0.01, p value< 0.05, q value< 0.05).
2014-05-31 | E-GEOD-56577 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background; MUC2 mucin produced by intestinal goblet cells is the major component of the intestinal mucus barrier. MUC2 homo-oligomerizes intracellularly into large secreted polymers which give mucus its viscous properties. The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ulcerative colitis is characterized by depleted goblet cells and a reduced mucus layer, whereas goblet cells and the mucus layer are increased in the other major inflammatory bowel disease, Crohnâs disease. Methods and Findings; By murine N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenesis we identified two distinct non-complementing missense mutations in Muc2 exons encoding N- and C-terminal homo-oligomerization domains causing an ulcerative colitis-like phenotype. Both strains developed mild spontaneous distal intestinal inflammation, chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding and prolapse, increased susceptibility to acute and chronic colitis induced by a luminal toxin, aberrant Muc2 biosynthesis, smaller goblet cell thecae (less stored mucin) and a diminished mucus barrier. Enhanced local production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was seen in the distal colon. The number of leukocytes within mesenteric lymph nodes was increased five-fold and leukocytes cultured in vitro produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-13). Intestinal permeability was increased and the luminal bacterial flora were more heavily coated with immunoglobulin as occurs in IBD. This pathology was accompanied by accumulation of the Muc2 precursor and ultrastructural and biochemical evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in goblet cells, activation of the unfolded protein response, and altered intestinal expression of genes involved in ER stress, inflammation, apoptosis and wound repair. Expression of mutated Muc2 oligomerization domains in vitro demonstrated that aberrant Muc2 oligomerization underlies the ER stress. These models show that mutations in Muc2 oligomerization domains can lead to aberrant assembly of the Muc2 complex leading to ER stress, a depleted mucus barrier and intestinal inflammation. In ulcerative colitis we demonstrate similar accumulation of non-glycosylated MUC2 precursor in goblet cells together with ultrastructural and biochemical evidence of ER stress even in non-inflamed intestinal tissue. Conclusions; The observations that mucin misfolding and ER stress lead directly to intestinal inflammation and that ER stress and goblet cell pathology occur in ulcerative colitis suggest that ER stress-related mucin depletion could be a fundamental component of the pathogenesis of colitis. Experiment Overall Design: 3 individual mice from the Eeyore, Winnie or Wild-type strains were compared as groups. An Affymetrix ID was compared between groups if the ID was Present within two of the three mice within each grouping. IDs were compared by calculating the log2 of Group One average signal divided by Group 2 average signal.
2008-04-06 | E-GEOD-9913 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background MUC2 mucin produced by intestinal goblet cells is the major component of the intestinal mucus barrier. MUC2 homo-oligomerizes intracellularly into large secreted polymers which give mucus its viscous properties. The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ulcerative colitis is characterized by depleted goblet cells and a reduced mucus layer, whereas goblet cells and the mucus layer are increased in the other major inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease. Methods and Findings By murine N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenesis we identified two distinct non-complementing missense mutations in Muc2 exons encoding N- and C-terminal homo-oligomerization domains causing an ulcerative colitis-like phenotype. Both strains developed mild spontaneous distal intestinal inflammation, chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding and prolapse, increased susceptibility to acute and chronic colitis induced by a luminal toxin, aberrant Muc2 biosynthesis, smaller goblet cell thecae (less stored mucin) and a diminished mucus barrier. Enhanced local production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was seen in the distal colon. The number of leukocytes within mesenteric lymph nodes was increased five-fold and leukocytes cultured in vitro produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-13). Intestinal permeability was increased and the luminal bacterial flora were more heavily coated with immunoglobulin as occurs in IBD. This pathology was accompanied by accumulation of the Muc2 precursor and ultrastructural and biochemical evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in goblet cells, activation of the unfolded protein response, and altered intestinal expression of genes involved in ER stress, inflammation, apoptosis and wound repair. Expression of mutated Muc2 oligomerization domains in vitro demonstrated that aberrant Muc2 oligomerization underlies the ER stress. These models show that mutations in Muc2 oligomerization domains can lead to aberrant assembly of the Muc2 complex leading to ER stress, a depleted mucus barrier and intestinal inflammation. In ulcerative colitis we demonstrate similar accumulation of non-glycosylated MUC2 precursor in goblet cells together with ultrastructural and biochemical evidence of ER stress even in non-inflamed intestinal tissue. Conclusions The observations that mucin misfolding and ER stress lead directly to intestinal inflammation and that ER stress and goblet cell pathology occur in ulcerative colitis suggest that ER stress-related mucin depletion could be a fundamental component of the pathogenesis of colitis. Keywords: Single gene, multiple mutant comparison
2008-03-01 | GSE9913 | GEO
Project description:Colonic goblet cells respond to invading enteropathogens by secreting Muc2 mucin and other specific goblet cell proteins that physically entrap and expel microbes away from the epithelium. At present, it is unclear how innate effectors in the gut, including small cationic cathelicidin peptides secreted by the intestinal epithelium and leukocytes, contribute to mucus barrier defense during infections. In this study, we used cathelicidin-deficient (Camp-/-) mice, colonoids, and human colonic LS174T goblet cells to elucidate the mechanisms by which cathelicidin regulates goblet cell secretions in innate host defense against attaching/effacing Citrobacter rodentium. We showed that even though Camp-/- littermates infected with C. rodentium displayed increased fecal shedding and epithelial colonization, Muc2 mucin granules were retained in bloated colonic goblet cells that impaired mucus secretion and expressed less mucus-associated proteins, as quantified by proteomic analysis. C. rodentium infected Camp-/- littermates showed impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and transcriptomic profiling associated with decreased ROS biosynthesis and an increase in ROS negative regulators. Camp-/- bone marrow derived macrophages produced less ROS than their wild-type counterparts. In LS174T goblet cells, human cathelicidin LL-37 promptly induced the secretion of goblet cell-associated TFF3 and RELMβ, which was dependent on ROS production. These findings demonstrate that cathelicidin signaling in colonic goblet cells regulates mucus and mucin-associated protein secretion via an ROS-dependent mechanism to clear bacterial infections and restore gut homeostasis.
2023-05-04 | PXD041957 | Pride
Project description:Dietary fats have been shown to affect gut microbiota composition and aging gene transcription of middle-aged rats at a normal dose, but little is known about such an effect on gut barrier. In colon, the main component of mucus layer is Muc2, produced by the goblet cells. This study investigated the changes in Muc2 expression, goblet cells proliferation, TLRs and inflammatory cytokines in the colon of middle-aged rats. Proteome technology was applied to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that intake of fish oil at a normal dose downregulated colonic Muc2 expression, and this negative effect of fish oil probably involved the suppression of mucin glycosylation process.
2018-01-02 | PXD007229 | Pride
Project description:Mucus has an important protective function and forms a barrier that minimizes the bacterial contact with the colonic epithelium. It is organized as a complex network with several specific proteins of which most are still poorly understood. Abundant proteins in intestinal mucus, in addition to the mucin MUC2, are CLCA1 and FCGBP. FCGBP is expressed in all intestinal goblet cells and secreted into the mucus. It is comprised of repeated von Willebrand Factor D (vWD) domain assemblies, of which most have a GDPH amino acid sequence. This sequence can be autocatalytically cleaved, as previously found in MUC2 and MUC5AC. We show that all vWD with a GDPH sequence are cleaved, and that these cleavages occur early during biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. All cleaved fragments remained connected by a disulfide bond within each vWD domain. The cleavage can generate a C-terminal reactive Asp-anhydride that could react with other molecules, such as MUC2, but this was not observed. Quantitative analyses by mass spectrometry showed that, in chaotropic solutions, FCGBP was mainly soluble whereas MUC2 was insoluble, and most of the secreted FCGBP was not covalently bound to MUC2. As its name indicates, FCGBP has been suggested to bind IgG, something that was not possible to reproduce in vitro using purified proteins. The function of FCGBP is still unknown, but our results suggest that the Asp-anhydrides do not contribute to covalent crosslinking in the mucin framework nor does FCGBP incorporate IgG in mucus.
2021-06-09 | PXD025496 | Pride
Project description:Mucus has an important protective function and forms a barrier that minimizes the bacterial contact with the colonic epithelium. It is organized as a complex network with several specific proteins of which most are still poorly understood. Abundant proteins in intestinal mucus, in addition to the mucin MUC2, are CLCA1 and FCGBP. FCGBP is expressed in all intestinal goblet cells and secreted into the mucus. It is comprised of repeated von Willebrand Factor D (vWD) domain assemblies, of which most have a GDPH amino acid sequence. This sequence can be autocatalytically cleaved, as previously found in MUC2 and MUC5AC. We show that all vWD with a GDPH sequence are cleaved, and that these cleavages occur early during biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. All cleaved fragments remained connected by a disulfide bond within each vWD domain. The cleavage can generate a C-terminal reactive Asp-anhydride that could react with other molecules, such as MUC2, but this was not observed. Quantitative analyses by mass spectrometry showed that, in chaotropic solutions, FCGBP was mainly soluble whereas MUC2 was insoluble, and most of the secreted FCGBP was not covalently bound to MUC2. As its name indicates, FCGBP has been suggested to bind IgG, something that was not possible to reproduce in vitro using purified proteins. The function of FCGBP is still unknown, but our results suggest that the Asp-anhydrides do not contribute to covalent crosslinking in the mucin framework nor does FCGBP incorporate IgG in mucus.
2021-06-09 | PXD025493 | Pride
Project description:In this study we compared the intestinal mucus phenotype of Clca1-deficient (Clca1-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) controls. The human CLCA1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated) and its murine ortholog mouse CLCA1 (formerly known as CLCA3) are secreted proteins which have been linked to human respiratory diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as to the corresponding murine models of these diseases. Common, disease severity-related features are goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus overproduction and disturbed clearance. Neutralization of mouse CLCA1 ameliorates the symptoms in the asthmatic mouse model and restoration of the decreased mouse CLCA1 protein level in a CF mouse model ameliorates the intestinal CF lesions, pointing toward these proteins being potential therapeutic targets. The expression CLCA1 can be induced in airways but this protein is normally expressed and secreted by goblet cells of the intestinal tract in both human and mouse together with the intestinal MUC2 mucin. This makes CLCA1 a major constituent of the extracellular intestinal mucus in which the MUC2 mucin is the main structural component. To study the possible further effects of murine CLCA1 deficiency on Muc2 and on other important components of the mucus, such as Agr2, Fcgbp, Klk and Zg16, a shotgun label-free proteomics study was performed which compared their relative abundance in the mucus layer, showing a tight and significant correlation between WT and Clca1-/- mucus proteins (Pearson r = 0.931, r2 = 0.868, p < 0.0001, based on 809 valid pairs). No significant differences in known mucus protein expression were observed. However, the abundance of CLCA1 in the mucus together with the domain structure suggests a structural role and other methods to reveal the function of these domains might shed light on the overall function in mucus. Because of its abundance in the mucus and the well preserved structure thought a long evolution together with mucus we still speculate that CLCA1 was developed to protect the expressing organism, although the threat is elusive.
2015-07-14 | PXD001804 | Pride
Project description:The colonic inner mucus layer protects us from pathogen invasion and commensal-induced inflammation. Mucus abnormalities are common in ulcerative colitis (UC), but their cause and importance are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of compositional mucus barrier alterations in UC. In this single-center case-control study, sigmoid colon biopsies were obtained from UC patients with ongoing inflammation (n=36) and in remission (n=28), and from 47 patients without inflammatory bowel disease. Mucus samples were collected from biopsies ex vivo, and their protein composition analyzed by mass spectrometry. Mucus barrier integrity and goblet cell response to microbial challenge were also assessed for a subset of patients. The core colonic mucus proteome was shown to consist of a small set of 29 secreted proteins. Patients with active UC had reduced levels of major structural components, including the mucin MUC2 (p<0.0001), also in mucus from non-inflamed segments, and their goblet cell secretory response to microbial stimulus was abrogated. Functional mucus barrier failure was observed in a subset of UC patients with and without active inflammation, and accompanied by alterations in proteins associated with mucus secretion and luminal organization. This study represents the first characterization and comparison of the mucus proteomes of the inflamed and non-inflamed colon. Core mucus structural components were reduced in active UC, also in mucus from non-inflamed segments. Thus, weakening of the mucus barrier is likely to occur early in UC pathogenesis, and represents a novel target for intervention.
2021-03-26 | PXD012632 | Pride
Project description:Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium, is associated with good health, but data are lacking whether it confers health benefits on children in low income countries and by which mechanisms. In a case-control study of children <5 years old with (n=1717) or without (n=1524) diarrhea, the presence of A. muciniphila reduces the odds ratio of symptoms of diarrhea from six diarrheal pathogens. A. muciniphila is found more frequently among children who are growing well compared with those who are growing poorly. In silico analysis of 1487 A. muciniphila genomes revealed the presence of DNA encoding the peptide larazotide known to benefit human health by improving tight junctions. Although previously considered synthetic, we demonstrated that larazotide is secreted by A. muciniphila. Larazotide is found in the nucleus of colonic epithelial cells and its exogenous application alters gene expression. When larazotide is applied to colonic organoid cultures, the amount of mucin (MUC2) is increased significantly (p<0.005). Our analyses are consistent with A. muciniphila secreting larazotide and intestinal epithelial cells responding by increasing MUC2, potentially creating a positive feedback loop that increases mucin production, which may itself increase abundance of the mucin-metabolizing A. muciniphila. This cycle may confer positive health outcomes for children.
2021-05-25 | GSE175488 | GEO