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Dominance hierarchy arising from the evolution of a complex small RNA regulatory network

ABSTRACT: Self-pollen rejection in the Brassicaceae is determined by the diploid genotype of the pollen-producing plant, and it has long been known that the alleles show a dominance hierarchy. How this hierarchy is controlled and evolves has been a classical puzzle since the pre-molecular days of genetics. Here, we uncover the system of at least 17 small RNA (sRNA) producing loci and their multiple target sites that collectively control the dominance hierarchy among alleles of a self-incompatible Arabidopsis species. Our results demonstrate that natural selection shapes a dynamic repertoire of sRNA/targets interactions by jointly acting on sRNA genes, their processing precision and their target sites. It is remarkable that a single gene can evolve such a complex system of regulation among its own alleles.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis lyrata Arabidopsis halleri

PROVIDER: GSE57267 | GEO | 2014/05/07

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA246262

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Aggression among group housed male mice continues to challenge laboratory animal researchers because mitigation strategies are generally applied at the cage level without a good understanding of how it affects the dominance hierarchy. Aggression is typically displayed by the dominant mouse, targeting lower ranking subordinates, thus strategies may be more successful if applied specifically to the dominant mouse. Unfortunately, dominance rank is often not assessed because of time intensive observations or tests. Several dominance measures have been developed, but none directly compared to home cage behavior in standard housing. This study assessed the convergent validity of three dominance measures (urinary darcin, tube test score, preputial gland to body length ratio) with wound severity and rankings based on home cage behavior, using factor analysis. Discriminant validity with open field measures was assessed to determine if tube test scores are independent from anxiety. Cages were equally split between SJL and albino C57BL/6 strains and group sizes of 3 or 5 (N=24). During the first week, home cage behavior was observed, and the dominance measures were recorded over the second week. After controlling for strain and group size, darcin and preputial ratio had strong loadings on the same factor as home cage ranking and were significant predictors of home cage ranking showing strong convergent validity. Tube test scores were not significantly impacted by open field data, showing discriminant validity. Social network analysis was also done to reveal that despotic power structures were prevalent, aggressors were typically more active and rested away from cage mates, and the amount of social investigation and aggression performed by an individual were highly correlated. Data from this study show that darcin and preputial ratio are representative of home cage aggression and provide further insight on individual behavior patterns in group housed male mice.