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Genetic targets of hydrogen sulfide in ventilator-induced lung injury

ABSTRACT: In this study we provide evidence on potential mechanisms involved in H2S mediated protection against VILI. H2S down-regulates genes that are involved in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cell responses. H2S regulates ECM remodelling, a mechanism which may contribute to H2S-mediated lung protection. In addition, H2S inhalation activates anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory genes, and genes controlling the vascular permeability. The functional relevance of Atf3 underscores the potential of H2S to limit lung injury. We utilized a microarray approach for large scale analysis of target genes in order to elucidate the therapeutic effects of H2S in VILI. This study demonstrates the influence of supplemental H2S on gene expression in a model of VILI. In addition to describing the genes differentially regulated in VILI, the present study focused on newly identified H2S target genes within several functional groups, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways, regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and angiogenesis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE58169 | GEO | 2014/06/03

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA251420

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:RATIONALE: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an indispensable therapy for critically ill patients with acute lung injury and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which conventional MV induces lung injury remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that disruption of the gene encoding Nrf2, a transcription factor which regulates the induction of several antioxidant enzymes, enhances susceptibility to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), while antioxidant supplementation attenuates such effect. METHODS: To test our hypothesis and to examine the relevance of oxidative stress in VILI, here we have assessed lung injury and inflammatory responses in Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) mice and wildtype (Nrf2(+/+)) animals following acute (2 h) injurious model of MV with or without administration of antioxidant. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Nrf2(-/-) mice displayed greater levels of lung alveolar and vascular permeability and inflammatory responses to MV as compared to Nrf2(+/+) mice. Nrf2-deficieny enhances the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of VILI. We found diminished levels of critical antioxidant enzymes and redox imbalance by MV in the lungs of Nrf2(-/-) mice; however antioxidant supplementation to Nrf2(-/-) mice remarkably attenuated VILI. When subjected to clinically relevant prolong period of MV, Nrf2(-/-) mice displayed greater levels of VILI than Nrf2(+/+) mice. Expression profiling revealed lack of induction of several VILI genes, stress response and solute carrier proteins and phosphatases in Nrf2(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data demonstrate for the first time a critical role for Nrf2 in VILI, which confers protection against cellular responses induced by MV by modulating oxidative stress. Experiment Overall Design: The Nrf2 wildtype (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2â/â) CD-1/ICR strains of mice were subjected to mechanical ventilation with high (HVT) amounts of tidal volumes (VT) at 30 ml/kg for 2 hours. The animals subjected to spontaneous ventilation (SpV) for 2 hours were used as controls. Lungs were immediately removed and processed for total RNA isolation using TRIzol reagent (LifeTechnologies, Grand Island, NY). The isolated RNA was applied to Murine Genome 430A GeneChip arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), which contain probes for detecting ~14,500 well-characterized genes and 4371 expressed sequence tags according to standard microarray protocol. Scanned output files were analyzed by using Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software and were independently normalized to an average intensity of 500.

Project description:Rationale: Using an ortholog candidate gene approach, we previously identified GADD45a (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45a) as a potential novel candidate involved in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Objectives: We investigated whether genetically engineered mice with GADD45a deletion were more susceptible to ventilator- or endotoxin (LPS)-induced lung injury. We employed genomic strategies to explore the mechanistic involvement of GADD45a in inflammatory lung injury. Methods: Wild-type C57Bl/6 and GADD45a-/- mice were phenotyped for lung injury following exposure to high tidal volume ventilation (VILI) or intratracheal LPS. Whole lung homogenates were utilized for gene expression studies of ventilated animals and spontaneously breathing controls. To explore the consequences of GADD45a depletion on lung vascular permeability, electrical resistance was measured using human endothelial cells (EC) transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for GADD45a or control sequence, or with active Akt1/PKBï¡ cDNA. Results: Mice harboring deletion of GADD45a were modestly susceptible to LPS-induced injury and profoundly susceptible to VILI, demonstrating increased inflammation and increased microvascular permeability. VILI-exposed GADD45a-/- mice manifested striking neutrophilic alveolitis and increased levels of BAL protein, IgG, and inflammatory cytokines. Expression profiling revealed strong dysregulation in the B cell receptor signaling pathway in GADD45a-/- mice, with involvement of several PI3K/Akt signaling components. Akt protein and phospho-Akt were reduced in GADD45a-/- lungs. Further, human EC with reduced GADD45a (siRNA) exhibited potentiated LPS-induced barrier dysfunction, which was attenuated by overexpressing active Akt1. Conclusions: GADD45a, which modulates Akt availability, is a significant participant in modulating vascular permeability and susceptibility to VILI. Experiment Overall Design: 4 experimental groups, each with 3 mouses. Wild type control group, VILI group, GADD-/- group, GADD-/- and VILI group.

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Genetic targets of hydrogen sulfide in ventilator-induced lung injury

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