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Impaired DNA damage metabolism promotes autoimmunity in TREX1 deficiency

ABSTRACT: Constitutive low level DNA damage is linked to innate immune activation. Hierarchical clustering of over 9000 transcripts revealed remarkably similar profiles in a patient with lupus erythematosus and a patient with AGS with up-regulation of genes involved in DNA damage signaling, p53-inducible genes, senescence-associated genes as well as up-regulation of interferon-stimulated genes. Transcriptional profiling of fibroblasts exposed to oxidative stress showed a marked up-regulation of genes involved in DNA replication/repair and replication licensing in TREX1-deficient cells compared to wild type cells suggesting massive replication stress.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE59233 | GEO | 2016/05/30

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA254790

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Impaired DNA damage metabolism promotes autoimmunity in TREX1 deficiencyÂ

Project description:Constitutive low level DNA damage is linked to innate immune activation. Hierarchical clustering of over 9000 transcripts revealed remarkably similar profiles in a patient with lupus erythematosus and a patient with AGS with up-regulation of genes involved in DNA damage signaling, p53-inducible genes, senescence-associated genes as well as up-regulation of interferon-stimulated genes. Transcriptional profiling of fibroblasts exposed to oxidative stress showed a marked up-regulation of genes involved in DNA replication/repair and replication licensing in TREX1-deficient cells compared to wild type cells suggesting massive replication stress. Comparison of transcriptional profiles of unstressed patient fibroblasts with wild type cells as well as fibroblasts exposed to oxidative stress

2016-05-30 | E-GEOD-59233 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Inherited C-terminal TREX1 variants disrupt homology-directed repair to cause senescence and DNA damage phenotypes in Drosophila, mice, and humans

Project description:Age-related microangiopathy, also known as small vessel disease (SVD), causes damage to the liver, brain, kidney and retina. Based on the DNA damage theory of aging, we reasoned that genomic instability may underlie an SVD caused by dominant C-terminal variants in TREX1, the most abundant 3’-5’ DNA exonuclease in mammals. C-terminal TREX1 variants cause an adult-onset SVD known as retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL or RVCL-S). In RVCL, an aberrant, C-terminally truncated TREX1 mislocalizes to the nucleus due to deletion of its ER-anchoring domain. Since RVCL pathology mimics that of the radiation injury, we reasoned that nuclear TREX1 promotes DNA damage. Here, we show that RVCL-associated TREX1 variants cause DNA damage in humans, mice, and Drosophila, and that cells expressing RVCL mutant TREX1 are more vulnerable to DNA damage induced by chemotherapy and cytokines that up-regulate TREX1, leading to depletion of TREX1-high cells in RVCL mice. RVCL-associated TREX1 mutants inhibit homology-directed repair (HDR), causing DNA deletions and vulnerablility to PARP inhibitors. In women with RVCL, we observe early-onset breast cancer, similar to patients with BRCA1/2 variants. Our results provide a new mechanistic basis linking aberrant TREX1 activity to the DNA damage theory of aging, premature senescence, and microvascular disease.

2024-05-30 | PXD051905 | Pride

Targeting TREX1 induces innate immune response in drug resistant Small Cell Lung Cancer

Project description:Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal type of lung cancer. Paradoxically, this tumor displays an initial exquisite response to chemotherapy; however, at relapse, the tumor is highly resistant to subsequent available therapies. Here, we report that the expression of three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is strongly induced in chemoresistant SCLCs. ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq revealed a significant increase in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activity of TREX1 gene locus in chemoresistant SCLC. Analyses of human SCLC tumors and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) also showed increase in TREX1 expression in post-chemotherapy samples. TREX1 depletion caused the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway due to cytoplasmic accumulation of damage-associated double-stranded DNA, inducing immunogenicity and enhancing the sensitivity of drug resistant cells to chemotherapy. These findings suggest TREX1 upregulation may partially contribute to the survival of resistant cells, and its inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance antitumor immunity and potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy in chemoresistant SCLCs.

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CT26 sorted in vivo tumor cells with Trex1 KO

Project description:The DNA exonuclease TREX1 degrades endogenous cytosolic DNA. Cytosolic DNA triggers the cGAS/STING pathway which increases type I interferon. To investigate the physiological significance of TREX1 loss on in vivo tumor growth, we implanted control and TREX1-deficient CT26 tumor cells into immunocompetent BALB/c hosts.Tumor cells were collected 7 days after tumors reached around 200mm3.

2024-03-12 | E-MTAB-13816 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Loss of Trex1 in dendritic cells is sufficient to trigger systemic autoimmunity

Project description:Biallelic defects of the gene encoding for the intracellular enzyme 3â repair exonuclease (Trex)1 cause Aicardi-GoutiÃ¨res syndrome (AGS), a rare monogenic, lupus-like autoimmune disease, while heterozygous Trex1 loss of function alleles are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Trex1-/- mice develop lethal autoimmune multi-organ inflammation, which results from a chronic type I IFN response triggered by intracellular accumulation of a putative nucleic acid substrate of Trex1. This pathogenic nucleic acid is detected by the broadly, but not ubiquitously, expressed cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS, raising the question whether there are specific cell types that respond to Trex1 deficiency by production of IFN and induce autoimmunity. We generated mice with conditional knock out of the Trex1 gene and demonstrated that loss of Trex1 throughout the hematopoietic system and even selective loss in dendritic cells is sufficient to cause IFN release and autoimmunity. B cells showed no transcriptional response to Trex1 deficiency. Trex1-/- keratinocytes produced IFN but did not induce skin inflammation, whereas loss of Trex1 in cardiomyocytes triggered neither IFN response nor pathology. Trex1-deficient neurons and astrocytes did not release IFN in the CNS. In contrast, mice with selective inactivation of Trex1 in long-living CNS macrophages such as microglia locally produced IFN but did not reproduce the mild encephalitis seen in Trex1-/- mice. Collectively, individual cell types differentially respond to the loss of Trex1 and dendritic cells seem promising candidates for experiments addressing the molecular pathomechanism in Trex1 deficiency. We sorted CD19-positive B cells from spleens of Trex1fl/fl CD19-Cre+ and Trex1fl/fl CD19-Cre- mice and isolated total RNA for library construction to perform mRNA deep sequencing.

2016-08-01 | E-GEOD-77693 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Loss of Trex1 in dendritic cells is sufficient to trigger systemic autoimmunity

Project description:Biallelic defects of the gene encoding for the intracellular enzyme 3’ repair exonuclease (Trex)1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a rare monogenic, lupus-like autoimmune disease, while heterozygous Trex1 loss of function alleles are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Trex1-/- mice develop lethal autoimmune multi-organ inflammation, which results from a chronic type I IFN response triggered by intracellular accumulation of a putative nucleic acid substrate of Trex1. This pathogenic nucleic acid is detected by the broadly, but not ubiquitously, expressed cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS, raising the question whether there are specific cell types that respond to Trex1 deficiency by production of IFN and induce autoimmunity. We generated mice with conditional knock out of the Trex1 gene and demonstrated that loss of Trex1 throughout the hematopoietic system and even selective loss in dendritic cells is sufficient to cause IFN release and autoimmunity. B cells showed no transcriptional response to Trex1 deficiency. Trex1-/- keratinocytes produced IFN but did not induce skin inflammation, whereas loss of Trex1 in cardiomyocytes triggered neither IFN response nor pathology. Trex1-deficient neurons and astrocytes did not release IFN in the CNS. In contrast, mice with selective inactivation of Trex1 in long-living CNS macrophages such as microglia locally produced IFN but did not reproduce the mild encephalitis seen in Trex1-/- mice. Collectively, individual cell types differentially respond to the loss of Trex1 and dendritic cells seem promising candidates for experiments addressing the molecular pathomechanism in Trex1 deficiency.

2016-08-01 | GSE77693 | GEO

Time-dependent alteration of gene expression after induced knockout of Trex1 in bone marrow derived macrophages.

Project description:Defects in three prime repair exonuclease (TREX1) cause the type I interferonopathy Aicardi Goutières syndrome. In absence of TREX1 some unknown DNA is accumulating in the cytosol which triggers cGAS/STING activation and type I interferon production. This analysis was designed to understand the kinetics of accumulation of the pathogenic cGAS ligand and the resulting altered gene expression upon induced loss of TREX1.

2022-04-01 | GSE197291 | GEO

Microarray of Trex1 WT and Trex1 KO hearts on RAG2KO background

Project description:Heart ventricle tissue was harvested from Trex1/RAG2 DKO mice and from Trex1WT/RAG2KO littermate controls. RNA was extracted, and an Affymetrix Mouse 430 2.0 gene chip analysis was performed.

2008-08-22 | GSE11698 | GEO

Trex1 knock out in cancer cell lines

Project description:We performed bulk RNA-seq on cell lines with and without knock out of the Trex1 gene.

2024-03-12 | E-MTAB-13815 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription profiling of mouse Trex1 WT and Trex1 KO hearts on RAG2KO background

Project description:Heart ventricle tissue was harvested from Trex1/RAG2 DKO mice and from Trex1WT/RAG2KO littermate controls. RNA was extracted, and an affymetrix Mouse 430 2.0 gene chip analysis was performed. Experiment Overall Design: Three pairs of littermates are included: 779/780, 4184/4185, and 4192/4193.

2008-10-25 | E-GEOD-11698 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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