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CapStarr-seq: a high-throughput method for quantitative assessment of enhancer activity in mammals

ABSTRACT: Here we developed CapStarr-Seq, a novel high-throughput strategy to quantitatively assess enhancer activity in mammals. This approach couples capture of regions of interest to previously developed Starr-seq technique. Extensive assessment of CapStarr-seq demonstrated accurate quantification of enhancer activity. Furthermore, we found that enhancer strength correlates with binding complexity of tissue-specific transcription factors and super-enhancers, while additive enhancer activity isolates key genes involved in cell identity and function.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE60029 | GEO | 2015/04/09

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA257302

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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CapStarr-seq: a high-throughput method for quantitative assessment of enhancer activity in mammals

Project description:Here we developed CapStarr-Seq, a novel high-throughput strategy to quantitatively assess enhancer activity in mammals. This approach couples capture of regions of interest to previously developed Starr-seq technique. Extensive assessment of CapStarr-seq demonstrated accurate quantification of enhancer activity. Furthermore, we found that enhancer strength correlates with binding complexity of tissue-specific transcription factors and super-enhancers, while additive enhancer activity isolates key genes involved in cell identity and function. CapStarr-seq analysis in P5424 cell line (2 replicates), 3T3 cell line and in the plasmid library before (Input) and after transfection

2015-04-09 | E-GEOD-60029 | biostudies-arrayexpress

CapStarr-seq: a high-throughput method for quantitative assessment of enhancer activity in mammals (ChIP-Seq)

Project description:Here we developed CapStarr-Seq, a novel high-throughput strategy to quantitatively assess enhancer activity in mammals. This approach couples capture of regions of interest to previously developed Starr-seq technique. Extensive assessment of CapStarr-seq demonstrated accurate quantification of enhancer activity. Furthermore, we found that enhancer strength correlates with binding complexity of tissue-specific transcription factors and super-enhancers, while additive enhancer activity isolates key genes involved in cell identity and function. ChIP-seq for the transcription factors HEB and TCF1, the DNaseI and the epigenetic modification H3K9me3 in DP thymocytes.

2015-04-09 | E-GEOD-63732 | biostudies-arrayexpress

CapStarr-seq: a high-throughput method for quantitative assessment of enhancer activity in mammals (ChIP-Seq)

2015-04-09 | GSE63732 | GEO

Genome-wide quantitative enhancer activity maps identified by STARR-seq

Project description:Genomic enhancers are important regulators of gene expression, but their identification is a challenge and methods depend on indirect measures of activity. We developed a method termed STARR-seq to directly and quantitatively assess enhancer activity for millions of candidates from arbitrary sources of DNA, enabling screens across entire genomes. When applied to the Drosophila genome, STARR-seq identifies thousands of cell type-specific enhancers across a broad continuum of strengths, linking differential gene expression to differences in enhancer activity and creating a genome-wide quantitative enhancer map. This map reveals the highly complex regulation of transcription, with several independent enhancers for both developmental regulators and ubiquitously expressed genes. STARR-seq can be used to identify and quantitate enhancer activity in other eukaryotes, including human. STARR-seq was performed in S2 and OSC cells with paired-end sequencing in two replicates and respective inputs. DHS-seq was done with single-end sequencing in two replicates for S2 and OSC cells. RNA-seq was performed with a strand-specific protocol using single-end sequencing in two replicates within S2 and OSC cells. STARR-seq was also performed in HeLa cells with single-end sequencing with a respective input.

2013-01-17 | E-GEOD-40739 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide quantitative enhancer activity maps identified by STARR-seq

2013-01-17 | GSE40739 | GEO

Quantitative genome-wide enhancer activity maps for five Drosophila species show functional enhancer conservation and turnover during cis-regulatory evolution

Project description:Phenotypic differences between closely related species are thought to arise primarily from changes in gene expression due to mutations in cis-regulatory sequences (enhancers). However, it has remained unclear, how frequently mutations alter enhancer activity or create functional enhancers de novo. Here, we use STARR-seq, a recently developed quantitative enhancer assay, to determine genome-wide enhancer activity profiles for five Drosophila species in the constant trans-regulatory environment of D. melanogaster S2 cells. We find that the function of a large fraction of D. melanogaster enhancers is conserved in their orthologous sequences due to selection and stabilizing turnover of transcription factor motifs. Moreover, hundreds of enhancers have been gained since the D. melanogaster M-bM-^@M-^S D. yakuba split about 11 million years ago without apparent adaptive selection and can contribute to gene expression changes in vivo. Our finding that enhancer activity is often deeply conserved and frequently gained provides important functional insights into regulatory evolution. STARR-seq was performed in S2 cells with paired-end sequencing in two replicates and respective inputs using genomic DNA from different Drosophila species. RNA-seq was performed in a non-stranded manner without replicates for two Drosophila species.

2014-04-28 | E-GEOD-48251 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide functional assessment of enhancer activities in the human genome

Project description:We illustrate that modifications to the previously published STARR-seq protocols are capable of assessing enhancer activity of whole genomes on mammalian systems using the human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. Besides detecting accessible enhancers located in open chromatin regions, we are also able to discover active, inaccessible enhancers in closed chromatin regions. By applying histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, genes nearby the previously inaccessible enhancers are up-regulated, indicating the potential for endogenous functionality of these regulatory elements. These results exemplify how whole genome STARR-seq provides an improved approach to gain a better understanding of the intricacies of transcriptional regulation of high complexity mammalian genomes.

2017-03-02 | GSE82204 | GEO

Hormone-responsive enhancer-activity maps reveal predictive motifs, indirect repression, and targeting of closed chromatin

Project description:Steroid hormones act as important developmental switches and their nuclear receptors regulate many genes. However, few hormone-dependent enhancers have been characterized and important aspects of their sequence architecture, cell type-specific activating and repressing functions, or the regulatory roles of their chromatin structure have remained unclear. We used STARR-seq, a recently developed enhancer-screening assay, and ecdysone signaling in two different Drosophila cell types to derive the first genome-wide hormone-dependent enhancer activity maps. We demonstrate that enhancer activation depends on cis-regulatory motif combinations that differ between cell types and can predict cell type-specific ecdysone targeting. Activated enhancers are often not accessible prior to induction. Enhancer repression following hormone treatment is independent of receptor motifs and receptor binding to the enhancer as we show using ChIP-seq, but appears to rely on motifs for other factors, including Eip74. Our strategy is applicable to study signal-dependent enhancers for different pathways and across organisms. STARR-seq was performed in S2 and OSC cells treated with ecdysone in two replicates. DHS-seq before and after treatment was done with single-end sequencing in two replicates. RNA-seq (with and without ecdysone) was performed with a strand-specific protocol using single-end sequencing in two replicates in S2. ChIP-seq (with and without ecdysone) was performed single-end sequencing in two replicates in S2 cells.

2014-03-27 | E-GEOD-47691 | biostudies-arrayexpress

STARR-seq enhancer activity determined following hydrodynamic delivery of STARR-seq plasmid library to mouse liver using three different STARR-seq promoters: Super Core promoter, ORI promoter, and minimal Albumin promoter [G173]

Project description:Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA) are widely used to discover functional enhancers but have largely been limited to transfected cell models. Here, we combine hydrodynamic injection with a modified STARR-seq-based MPRA to determine condition-specific enhancer activity in mouse liver at scale, and we examine how different promoters affect STARR-seq reporter activity. Strong liver enhancer activity was observed with STARR-seq libraries containing an Albumin minimal promoter but not when using a Super Core promoter or an origin of replication (ORI) promoter. This work is part of a larger study where we prepare a global STARR-seq library, comprised of ~50,000 genomic sequences released by DNase-I digestion of mouse liver nuclei, and where we identify condition-specific enhancers with strong correlations between liver enhancer activity and the chromatin state of the corresponding endogenous genomic regions.

2024-06-17 | GSE267075 | GEO

Global STARR-seq library profiling of open chromatin regions in livers of mice treated with the nuclear receptor CAR (Nr1i3) agonist ligand TCPOBOP, in livers of control male mice and in livers of control female mice. [G187_global]

Project description:Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA) are widely used to discover functional enhancers but have largely been limited to transfected cell models, which are confounded by vector-induced innate immune responses and lack the physiologically relevant cellular and endogenous hormonal context and chromatin environment of complex mammalian tissues. Here, we combine hydrodynamic injection with a modified STARR-seq-based MPRA to determine condition-specific enhancer activity in mouse liver at scale. Strong liver enhancer activity was observed with STARR-seq libraries containing an Albumin minimal promoter but not when using a Super Core promoter or an origin of replication promoter. Analysis of a global STARR-seq library, comprised of ~50,000 genomic sequences released by DNase-I digestion of mouse liver nuclei, identified condition-specific enhancers and revealed strong correlations between liver enhancer activity and the chromatin state of the corresponding endogenous genomic regions.

2024-06-17 | GSE267046 | GEO

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