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Intronic polyadenylation of PDGFRα in resident stem cells attenuates muscle fibrosis

ABSTRACT: The platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) exhibits divergent effects in skeletal muscle. At physiological levels, signaling through this receptor promotes muscle development in growing embryos and proper angiogenesis in regenerating adult muscle. However, either increased PDGF ligands or enhanced PDGFRα pathway activity causes pathological fibrosis. This excessive collagen deposition, which is seen in aged and diseased muscle, interferes with proper muscle function and limits the effectiveness of gene- and cell-based therapies for muscle disorders. Although compelling evidence exists for the role of PDGFRα in fibrosis, little is known about the cells through which this pathway acts. Here we show that PDGFRα signaling regulates a population of muscle-resident fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) that play a supportive role in muscle regeneration but may also cause fibrosis when aberrantly regulated. We found that FAPs produce multiple transcriptional variants of PDGFRα with different polyadenylation sites, including an intronic variant that codes for a protein isoform containing a truncated kinase domain. This variant, upregulated during regeneration, acts as a decoy to inhibit PDGF signaling and to prevent FAP over-activation. Moreover, increasing expression of this isoform limits fibrosis in vivo, suggesting both biological relevance and therapeutic potential of modulating polyadenylation patterns in stem cell populations. We used microarrays to explore the biological effects of altering intronic polyadenylation of PDGFRα in FAPs.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE60099 | GEO | 2016/11/30

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA257474

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Intronic polyadenylation of PDGFRα in stromal stem cells attenuates muscle fibrosis

Project description:The platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) exhibits divergent effects in skeletal muscle. At physiological levels, signaling through this receptor promotes muscle development in growing embryos and proper angiogenesis in regenerating adult muscle. However, either increased PDGF ligands or enhanced PDGFRα pathway activity causes pathological fibrosis. This excessive collagen deposition, which is seen in aged and diseased muscle, interferes with proper muscle function and limits the effectiveness of gene- and cell-based therapies for muscle disorders. Although compelling evidence exists for the role of PDGFRα in fibrosis, little is known about the cells through which this pathway acts. Here we show that PDGFRα signaling regulates a population of muscle-resident fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) that play a supportive role in muscle regeneration but may also cause fibrosis when aberrantly regulated. We found that FAPs produce multiple transcriptional variants of PDGFRα with different polyadenylation sites, including an intronic variant that codes for a protein isoform containing a truncated kinase domain. This variant, upregulated during regeneration, acts as a decoy to inhibit PDGF signaling and to prevent FAP over-activation. Moreover, increasing expression of this isoform limits fibrosis in vivo, suggesting both biological relevance and therapeutic potential of modulating polyadenylation patterns in stem cell populations. We used microarrays to explore the biological effects of altering intronic polyadenylation of PDGFRα in FAPs in vivo.

2016-11-30 | GSE81744 | GEO

Mus musculus

Project description:Intronic polyadenylation of PDGFRα in resident stem cells attenuates muscle fibrosis

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Fibro-adipogenic progenitors of dystrophic mice are insensitive to NOTCH regulation of adipogenesis

Project description:Fibro adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) promote satellite cell differentiation in adult skeletal muscle regeneration. However, in pathological conditions, FAPs are responsible for fibrosis and fatty infiltrations. Here we show that the NOTCH pathway negatively modulates FAP differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. However, FAPs isolated from young dystrophin- deficient mdx mice are insensitive to this control mechanism. An unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of FAPs from muscles of wild type and mdx mice, suggest that the synergistic cooperation between NOTCH and inflammatory signals controls FAP differentiation. Remarkably, we demonstrated that factors released by hematopoietic cells restore the sensitivity to NOTCH adipogenic inhibition in mdx FAPs. These results offer a basis for rationalizing pathological ectopic fat infiltrations in skeletal muscle and may suggest new therapeutic strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of fat depositions in muscles of dystrophic patients.

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Osr1 controls the pro-regenerative response of Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors

Project description:Purpose: To study the requirement of Osr1 expression for FAP function during skeletal muscle regeneration. Methods: We sequenced total mRNAs isolated from adult FAPs FACS sorted from 3 and 7 day post injured hindlimb skeletal muscle of Ctrl (Osr1flox/+ CAGG Cre+) and Osr1 cKO (Osr1flox/flox CAGG Cre+) mice. Results: Loss of Osr1 leads to pro-fibrotic orientation of FAPs and impairs both FAP-macrophage and FAP-MuSCs communication network resulting in impaired regenerative myogenesis and persistent fibrosis. Conclusions: Osr1 is a key transcriptional regulator of FAP regenerative function protecting FAPs from assuming a detrimental pro-fibrotic and anti-myogenic state.

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Engineered receptors for human cytomegalovirus that are orthogonal to normal human biology

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2016-02-24 | GSE67644 | GEO

Comparison of gene expression data between control and tissue specific epicardial PDGF receptor (a and b) knockout embryonic hearts

Project description:Epicardial cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transtion (EMT) to generate coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and cardiac fibroblasts. Little is known about the mechanisms regulating EMT or the in vivo signals directing epicardial-derived cell (EPDC) fate. Here, we show that loss of PDGF signaling leads to a disruption in Sox9 expression, and when Sox9 expression was restored in mutant hearts, the EMT defect was rescued. Interestingly, mutants lacking only one of the PDGF genes exhibited a lineage specific requirement for the individual receptors. Loss of PDGFRα resulted in a deficit in cardiac fibroblast formation, while cVSMC development was unperturbed. Conversely, PDGFRβ was required for cVSMC development but not cardiac fibroblast development. Combined, our data demonstrate a novel role for PDGF receptors in epicardial EMT and EPDC development. GSM671723-GSM671724: Total RNA was isolated from E12.5 control and PDGF receptor epicardial knockout hearts using the Trizol reagent. RNA was processed as per manufacturer's instructions (Illumina Gene expression array, Illumina, inc. San Diego, CA, USA) GSM671877-GSM671882: Total RNA was isolated from E12.5 control and PDGF receptor epicardial knockout primary epicardial cultures using the Trizol reagent. RNA was processed as per manufacturer's instructions (Illumina Gene expression array, Illumina, inc. San Diego, CA, USA)

2011-02-28 | E-GEOD-27181 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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