Targeting the MLL complex in castration-resistant prostate cancer [expression]
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE60836 | GEO | 2015/03/02
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA259651
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Resistance to androgen deprivation therapies and increased androgen receptor (AR) activity are major drivers of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Prior work has focused on targeting AR directly; however, the identification and targeting of co-activators of AR signaling remains an underexplored area. Here we demonstrate that the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) complex, a well-known contributor in MLL-fusion-positive leukemia, acts as a co-activator of AR signaling. AR interacts with the MLL complex via its subunit, menin. Small molecule inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction blocks AR signaling and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we find that menin is up-regulated in CRPC and high expression correlates with poor overall survival. Our study identifies the MLL complex as a co-activator of AR that can be targeted in advanced prostate cancer. ASH2L / Menin / MLL1 were knocked down using shRNA /siRNA in two prostate cancer cell lines, VCaP and LNCaP.
2015-03-02 | E-GEOD-60836 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), clinical response to androgen receptor (AR) antagonists is limited mainly due to AR-variants expression and restored AR signaling. The metabolite spermine is most abundant in prostate and it decreases as prostate cancer progresses, but its functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show spermine inhibits full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) and androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) signaling and suppresses CRPC cell proliferation by directly binding and inhibiting protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT1. Spermine reduces H4R3me2a modification at the AR locus and suppresses AR binding as well as H3K27ac modification levels at AR target genes. Spermine supplementation restrains CRPC growth in vivo. PRMT1 inhibition also suppresses AR-FL and AR-V7 signaling and reduces CRPC growth. Collectively, we demonstrate spermine as an anticancer metabolite by inhibiting PRMT1 to transcriptionally inhibit AR-FL and AR-V7 signaling in CRPC, and we indicate spermine and PRMT1 inhibition as powerful strategies overcoming limitations of current AR-based therapies in CRPC.
2023-10-11 | MTBLS8034 | MetaboLights
Project description:Characterization of the prostate cancer transcriptome and genome has identified chromosomal rearrangements and copy number gains/losses, including ETS gene fusions, PTEN loss and androgen receptor (AR) amplification, that drive prostate cancer development and progression to lethal, metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)1. As less is known about the role of mutations2-4, here we sequenced the exomes of 50 lethal, heavily-pretreated metastatic CRPCs obtained at rapid autopsy (including three different foci from the same patient) and 11 treatment naïve, high-grade localized prostate cancers. We identified low overall mutation rates even in heavily treated CRPC (2.00/Mb) and confirmed the monoclonal origin of lethal CRPC. Integrating exome copy number analysis identified disruptions of CHD1, which define a subtype of ETS? prostate cancer. Similarly, we demonstrate that ETS2, which is deleted in ~1/3 of CRPCs (commonly through TMPRSS2:ERG fusions), is a prostate cancer tumor suppressor that can also be deregulated through mutation. Further, we identified recurrent mutations in multiple chromatin/histone modifying genes, including MLL2 (mutated in 8.6% of prostate cancers), and demonstrate interaction of the MLL complex with AR, which is required for AR mediated signaling. We also identified novel recurrent mutations in the AR collaborating factor FOXA1, which is mutated in 5 of 147 (3.4%) prostate cancers (both untreated localized prostate cancer and CRPC) , and showed that mutated FOXA1 represses androgen signaling and increases tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Proteins that physically interact with AR, such as the ERG gene fusion product, FOXA1, MLL2, UTX, and ASXL1 were found to be mutated in CRPC, suggesting novel drivers of prostate cancer progression and potential resistance mechanisms to anti-androgen therapies. In summary, we describe the mutational landscape of a heavily treated metastatic cancer, identify novel mechanisms of AR signaling deregulated in prostate cancer, and prioritize candidates for future study. Gene expression profiling and array CGH (aCGH) was performed on matched benign prostate tissues (n=28), localized prostate cancer (n=59), and metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC, n=35). For gene expression profiling, frozen prostate tissue samples (channel 2), were hybridized against a commercial pool of benign prostate tissue (Clontech, channel 1). For aCGH, frozen prostate tissue samples (channel 2) were hybridized against a commerical sample of Human Male Genomic DNA (Promega, channel 1).
2012-05-22 | E-GEOD-35988 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) lacks the ligand-binding domain; is detected with increased frequency in advanced prostate cancer and is postulated to be one crucial mechanism for disease progression and therapeutic resistance to androgen deprivation in castration–resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Targeting AR-V7 or unique downstream targets could provide novel therapeutic approaches for CRPC. Here, we report that, independent of ligand, AR-V7 binds not only to the androgen-responsive element (ARE) sites inducing canonical AR signaling but also to non-canonical target sites where ligand-stimulated full-length AR (AR-FL) does not bind. These AR-V7 “solo” binding sites are mainly found at gene promoters and are co-occupied by a zinc-finger transcription factor ZFX and the co-activator BRD4, both of which physically interact with AR-V7. Consequently, AR-V7 not only recapitulates AR-FL action without androgen but uniquely regulates transcripts correlating with AR-V7 expression in the TCGA prostate cancer cohort. Mechanistically, ZFX appears to function as a pioneer factor for AR-V7 at solo-binding sites and BRD4 inhibitors but not anti-androgens suppress AR-V7 action at solo-binding sites as well as AR-V7-dependent growth. Additionally, knockdown of ZFX, or two downstream targets uniquely co-activated by AR-V7 (ZNF32 and FZD6), also suppressed growth of AR-V7-dependent CRPC cells. AR-V7 directly activated genes differentiate tumor from normal prostate tissues and predict poor prognosis in patients. Thus AR-V7 has both canonical and non-canonical regulatory functions in CRPC, which may provide new therapeutic avenues.
2018-10-02 | GSE94013 | GEO
Project description:Characterization of the prostate cancer transcriptome and genome has identified chromosomal rearrangements and copy number gains/losses, including ETS gene fusions, PTEN loss and androgen receptor (AR) amplification, that drive prostate cancer development and progression to lethal, metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)1. As less is known about the role of mutations2-4, here we sequenced the exomes of 50 lethal, heavily-pretreated metastatic CRPCs obtained at rapid autopsy (including three different foci from the same patient) and 11 treatment naïve, high-grade localized prostate cancers. We identified low overall mutation rates even in heavily treated CRPC (2.00/Mb) and confirmed the monoclonal origin of lethal CRPC. Integrating exome copy number analysis identified disruptions of CHD1, which define a subtype of ETS‑ prostate cancer. Similarly, we demonstrate that ETS2, which is deleted in ~1/3 of CRPCs (commonly through TMPRSS2:ERG fusions), is a prostate cancer tumor suppressor that can also be deregulated through mutation. Further, we identified recurrent mutations in multiple chromatin/histone modifying genes, including MLL2 (mutated in 8.6% of prostate cancers), and demonstrate interaction of the MLL complex with AR, which is required for AR mediated signaling. We also identified novel recurrent mutations in the AR collaborating factor FOXA1, which is mutated in 5 of 147 (3.4%) prostate cancers (both untreated localized prostate cancer and CRPC) , and showed that mutated FOXA1 represses androgen signaling and increases tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Proteins that physically interact with AR, such as the ERG gene fusion product, FOXA1, MLL2, UTX, and ASXL1 were found to be mutated in CRPC, suggesting novel drivers of prostate cancer progression and potential resistance mechanisms to anti-androgen therapies. In summary, we describe the mutational landscape of a heavily treated metastatic cancer, identify novel mechanisms of AR signaling deregulated in prostate cancer, and prioritize candidates for future study.
2012-05-23 | GSE35988 | GEO
Project description:Continued androgen receptor (AR) signaling is an established mechanism underlying castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and suppression of AR signaling remains a therapeutic goal of CRPC therapy. Constitutively active androgen receptor splicing variants (AR-Vs) lack the AR ligand-binding domain (AR-LBD), the intended target of androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) including new CRPC therapies such as abiraterone and MDV3100. While the canonical full-length AR (AR-FL) and AR-Vs are both increased in CRPC, their expression regulation, associated transcriptional programs, functional relationships, and respective roles in mediating responses to endocrine therapies have not been dissected. In this study, we show that suppression of canonical AR-FL signaling by targeting AR-LBD leads to increased AR-V expression in two cell line models of CRPC. Importantly, treatment-induced AR-Vs activate a distinct expression signature enriched for cell cycle genes without requiring the presence of AR-FL. Conversely, activation of AR-FL signaling suppresses the AR-V signature but activates expression programs mainly associated with macromolecular synthesis, metabolism, and differentiation. In prostate cancer cells and CRPC xenografts treated with MDV3100 and abiraterone, increased expression of two constitutively active AR-Vs, AR-V7 and ARV567ES, but not AR-FL, parallels increased expression of the AR-driven cell cycle gene UBE2C. In addition, protein expression of AR-V7, but not AR-FL, is positively correlated with UBE2C in clinical CRPC specimens. The cumulative in vitro and in vivo evidence support an adaptive shift toward AR-V-mediated signaling in at least a subset of CRPC tumors as the AR-LBD is rendered inactive, suggesting an important mechanism contributing to drug resistance to CRPC therapies. LNCaP cells lacking AR-V were transfected with AR-V7 with or without androgen stimulation of AR-FL (4 conditions); LNCaP95 cells expressing AR-Vs were treated with control siRNA or siRNA trageting AR-LBD or AR-DBD, with or without androgen stimulation of AR-FL (6 conditions); VCaP cells expressing AR-Vs in the presence of androgen were treated with control siRNA, siRNA trageting AR-LBD, DMSO or MDV3100 to inhibit AR-FL (4 conditions). Total 14 arrays with no replicates.
2012-03-17 | E-GEOD-36549 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Androgen receptor (AR) signaling remains the key therapeutic target in the management of hormone-naïve advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Recently, landmark molecular features have been reported for CRPC, including the expression of constitutively active AR variants that lack the ligand-binding domain. Besides their role in CRPC, AR variants lead to the expression of genes involved in tumor progression. However, little is known about the specificity of their mode of action compared with that of wild-type AR (AR-WT). We performed AR transcriptome analyses in an androgen-dependent PCa cell line as well as cross-analyses with publicly available RNA-seq dataset and established that transcriptional repression capacity that was marked for AR-WT was pathologically lost by AR variants. Functional enrichment analyses allowed us to associate AR-WT repressive function to a panel of genes involved in cell adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. So, we postulate that a less documented AR-WT normal function in prostate epithelial cells could be the repression of a panel of genes linked to cell plasticity, and that this repressive function could be pathologically abrogated by AR variants in PCA.
2022-10-14 | PXD029454 | Pride
Project description:Androgen receptor (AR) signaling remains the key therapeutic target in the management of hormone-naïve advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Recently, landmark molecular features have been reported for CRPC, including the expression of constitutively active AR variants that lack the ligand-binding domain. Besides their role in CRPC, AR variants lead to the expression of genes involved in tumor progression. However, little is known about the specificity of their mode of action compared with that of wild-type AR (AR-WT). We performed AR transcriptome analyses in an androgen-dependent PCa cell line as well as cross-analyses with publicly available RNA-seq dataset and established that transcriptional repression capacity that was marked for AR-WT was pathologically lost by AR variants. Functional enrichment analyses allowed us to associate AR-WT repressive function to a panel of genes involved in cell adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. So, we postulate that a less documented AR-WT normal function in prostate epithelial cells could be the repression of a panel of genes linked to cell plasticity, and that this repressive function could be pathologically abrogated by AR variants in PCA.
2022-10-13 | PXD029520 | Pride
Project description:Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and second-most lethal cancer among men in the United States. The vast majority of prostate cancer deaths are due to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) â?? the lethal form of the disease that has progressed despite therapies that interfere with activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. One emergent resistance mechanism to medical castration is synthesis of intratumoral androgens that activate the AR. This insight led to the development of the AR antagonist enzalutamide. However, resistance to enzalutamide invariably develops, and disease progression is nearly universal. One mechanism of resistance to enzalutamide is an F877L mutation in the AR ligand-binding domain that can convert enzalutamide to an agonist of AR activity. However, mechanisms that contribute to the agonist switch had not been fully clarified, and there were no therapies to block AR F877L. Using cell line models of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), we determined that cellular androgen content influences enzalutamide agonism of mutant F877L AR. Further, enzalutamide treatment of AR F877L-expressing cell lines recapitulated the effects of androgen activation of F877L AR or wild-type AR. Because the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ-1 was previously shown to block androgen activation of wild-type AR, we tested JQ-1 in AR F877L-expressing CRPC models. We determined that JQ-1 suppressed androgen or enzalutamide activation of mutant F877L AR and suppressed growth of mutant F877L AR CRPC tumors in vivo, demonstrating a new strategy to treat tumors harboring this mutation. RNA-seq profiles of prostate cancer cell lines to understand gene expression associated with enzalutamide treatment
2016-06-10 | E-GEOD-69896 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Men who develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) invariably succumb to the disease. The development and progression to CRPC following androgen ablation therapy is predominantly driven by unregulated androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Despite the success of recently approved therapies targeting AR signaling, such as abiraterone and second-generation anti-androgens MDV3100 (enzalutamide), durable responses are limited, presumably due to acquired resistance. Recently, JQ1 and I-BET, two selective small molecule inhibitors that target the amino-terminal bromodomains of BRD4, have been shown to exhibit antiproliferative effects in a range of malignancies. Here we show that AR signaling-competent CRPC cell lines are preferentially sensitive to BET bromodomain inhibition. BRD4 physically interacts with the N-terminal domain of AR and can be disrupted by JQ1. Like the direct AR antagonist, MDV3100, JQ1 disrupted AR recruitment to target gene loci. In contrast to MDV3100, JQ1 functions downstream of AR, and more potently abrogated BRD4 localization to AR target loci and AR mediated gene transcription including induction of TMPRSS2-ERG and its oncogenic activity. In vivo, BET bromodomain inhibition was more efficacious than direct AR antagonism in CRPC xenograft models. Taken together, these studies provide a novel epigenetic approach for the concerted blockade of oncogenic drivers in advanced prostate cancer. Examination of ASH2L genome-wide binding in prostate cancer cells after AR stimulation.
2015-03-02 | E-GEOD-60841 | biostudies-arrayexpress