In vitro differentiation of human low threshold mechanoreceptive (LTMR) neurons from embryonic stem cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE61674 | GEO | 2014/12/02
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA261805
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Cranial neural crest cells (NCC) give rise to the majority of the cartilage, bone, connective tissue, and sensory ganglia in the head, and also participate in the remodeling of the cardiac outflow tract and pharyngeal arch arteries during cardiovascular development. Our preliminary results show that targeted deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in murine NCC results in cardiovascular and craniofacial alterations, resembling human congenital heart diseases The objective of this project is to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which FAK mediates NCC function during development. Compare gene expression in cranial neural crest cells of E11.5 wild type and FAK mutants. FAK is a tyrosine kinase that transduces integrin and growth factor signaling pathways. Abnormal growth factor signaling leads to cardiovascular malformations caused by deficient cardiac NCC function. However, a direct role for FAK in NCC morphogenesis has not been demonstrated. We will test the hypothesis that FAK is a downstream target of essential growth factor signaling in cranial neural crest cells during development. 1) Generate E11.5 mouse embryos that are either control (FAK+/flox) or NCC specific FAK knockout (Wnt1Cre;FAKflox/flox). 2) Determine genotype by PCR. 3) Dissect head and torax from the different genotypes. 4) Obtain NCC from dissected tissue by magnetic cell sorting using p75 antibody. 5) Prepare total RNA from speciments. We will pool the NCC from 3 different embryos of the same genotype, and send total RNA to TGEN for probe preparation, hybridization and array result analysis. Keywords: other
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Project description:Combining an in vitro hNCC differentiation protocol with epigenomic profiling, we provide the first whole-genome characterization of cis-regulatory elements in this highly relevant cell type. With this data at hand, we have characterized the chromatin state and dynamics of all human gene promoters during the course of NCC in vitro differentiation. Most importantly, we have identified a large cohort of active and NCC-specific enhancers, which we showed to be functionally relevant in vivo, in the context of embryonic development. Finally, through sequence analysis of the identified NCC enhancers, we uncovered the orphan nuclear receptors NR2F1 and NR2F2 as novel hNCC transcriptional regulators both in vitro and in vivo. Genome-wide analysis of H3K27ac in chicken neural crest cells (NCC) obtained from stage 11-14 or stage 20 embryos
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