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The evolution of genic piRNA cluster loci expression patterns

ABSTRACT: This study examines the conservation of Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters that come from protein coding gene transcripts. By sequencing small RNA libraries from gonad tissues of Drosophilids and Glires we discover a diverse set of genic piRNA clusters conserved across animals. This dataset reveals new expression patterns for genic piRNA clusters and examines whether changing piRNA expression patterns correlates with sequence changes in piRNA cluster genomic sequence across a variety of animal species.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus Mus musculus Drosophila erecta Oryctolagus cuniculus Drosophila yakuba Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila virilis

PROVIDER: GSE62556 | GEO | 2015/11/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA264407

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The evolution of genic piRNA cluster loci expression patterns

Project description:This study examines the conservation of Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters that come from protein coding gene transcripts. By sequencing small RNA libraries from gonad tissues of Drosophilids and Glires we discover a diverse set of genic piRNA clusters conserved across animals. This dataset reveals new expression patterns for genic piRNA clusters and examines whether changing piRNA expression patterns correlates with sequence changes in piRNA cluster genomic sequence across a variety of animal species. We dissected gonad tissues consisting of ovaries from wildtype adult Drosophilids (D.melanogaster, D.erecta, D.yakuba, D.virilis) and testes from wildtype pre-pubsecent and adult mouse and rats. Adult testes from rabbits were purchased from Pel-Freez Biologicals. Total or immunopreciptated RNAs were extracted from the pulvirized gonad tissues of Drosophilids and Glires. Small RNAs were purified from these samples, converted into cDNA libraries, and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2000.

2015-11-01 | E-GEOD-62556 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The evolution of genic piRNA cluster loci expression patterns

Project description:The evolution of genic piRNA cluster loci expression patterns

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Yb body assembly on the flamenco piRNA precursor transcripts reduces genic piRNA production

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The Cutoff protein regulates piRNA cluster expression and piRNA production in the Drosophila germline

Project description:In a broad range of organisms, Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have emerged as core components of a surveillance system that protects the genome by silencing transposable and repetitive elements. A vast proportion of piRNAs is produced from discrete genomic loci, termed piRNA clusters. The molecular mechanisms and the factors that govern the expression of these loci are largely unknown. We have preciously shown the Cutoff (Cuff), a protein with similarity to yeast Rai1, is a component of the piRNA pathway. In order to understand the function of the Cuff protein in piRNA production, we produced small RNA libraries from cn, bw (wt) and cuffwm25 mutant ovaties. The analysis of these libraries revealed that approximately 80% of the total piRNA population is depleted in the absence of a functional Cuff protein. We also determined that Cuff is mostly a nuclear protein and is enriched at the level of certain piRNA clusters. Our results point to a role for Cuff in the transcriptional regulation of piRNA generating loci and in the production of the proper piRNA complement during Drosophila oogenesis. piRNA profiling in ovaries from cn, bw and cuffwm25 mutant ovaries

2013-06-07 | E-GEOD-47738 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Environmentally-induced epigenetic conversion of a piRNA cluster

Project description:Transposable element (TE) activity is repressed in animal gonads by PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) produced by piRNA clusters. Current models propose that piRNA clusters are functionally defined by the maternal inheritance of piRNAs produced during the previous generation. Taking advantage of an inactive cluster of P-element derived transgene insertions in Drosophila melanogaster, we show here that raising flies at high temperature (29°C) instead of 25°C results in stable conversion of this locus into an active piRNAs producing one reporting thus the first case of the establishment of an active piRNA cluster by environmental changes and without maternal inheritance of homologous piRNAs.

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The Cutoff protein regulates piRNA cluster expression and piRNA production in the Drosophila germline

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Transcriptional readthrough as a conserved mechanism for piRNA cluster expression in mosquitoes

Project description:We performed combined transcriptional and chromatin state analyses and showed that these core piRNA clusters in Aedes mosquitoes do not have their own independent promoters, but depend on readthrough transcription from upstream genes for piRNA biogenesis. We further showed core piRNA clusters biogenesis depends on key factors, the mRNA exporter Nxf1, three Tudor proteins, Veneno, Tejas, Yb, and an evolutionarily conserved cochaperone Shutdown.

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RNA elements in precursors instruct directional and processive primary piRNA biogenesis

Project description:PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are animal gonad-specific small RNAs that control the activity of transposable elements. Long single stranded RNAs from a variety of sources are substrates for the nebulous primary processing pathway that converts these into thousands of 24-30 nucleotide (nt) piRNAs. How these transcripts are selected as precursors is not known. Here we show that targeting a transcript with PIWI slicer activity of cysosolic Ago3 is sufficient to trigger ~30-nt waves of non-overlapping primary piRNAs in the fly ovarian germline. The generated primary piRNAs are almost exclusively loaded into the nuclear PIWI protein, Piwi. In the fly ovarian somatic environment we find that an RNA fragment from the 5? end of a piRNA cluster is able to direct a heterologous sequence into primary processing. This piRNA trigger sequence (PTS) element drives generation of overlapping piRNAs from the transcript. Both mechanisms proceed with general 5?-3? directionality. We propose that the former pathway serves to link cytoplasmic silencing of a target to nuclear transcriptional repression, while the latter extracts silencing information from a wide variety of genomic sources including piRNA clusters, select protein coding and transposon transcripts. Total or immunoprecipitated small RNAs were purified from transfected BmN4 cells, Drosophila ovarian somatic cells (OSC) and from fly ovaries and high-throughput sequencing libraries were prepared. The mouse testicular RNAs were purified after ribozero treatment.

2015-07-09 | E-GEOD-69102 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A heterochromatin-dependent transcription machinery drives piRNA expression

Project description:Nuclear small RNA pathways safeguard genome integrity by establishing transcription-repressing heterochromatin at transposable elements. This inevitably also targets the transposon-rich source loci of the small RNAs themselves. How small RNA source loci are efficiently transcribed while transposon promoters are potently silenced, is not understood. Here, we show that transcription of Drosophila piRNA clusters—small RNA source loci in animal gonads—is enforced through RNA Polymerase II pre-initiation complex formation within repressive heterochromatin. This is accomplished through the TFIIA-L paralog Moonshiner, which is recruited to piRNA clusters via the Heterochromatin Protein-1 variant Rhino. Moonshiner triggers transcription initiation within piRNA clusters by recruiting the TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-related factor TRF2, an animal TFIID core variant. Thus, transcription of heterochromatic small RNA source loci relies on direct recruitment of the core transcriptional machinery to DNA via histone marks rather than sequence motifs, a concept that we argue is a recurring theme in evolution.

2017-08-07 | PXD005026 | Pride

RNA elements in precursors instruct directional and processive primary piRNA biogenesis

Project description:PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are animal gonad-specific small RNAs that control the activity of transposable elements. Long single stranded RNAs from a variety of sources are substrates for the nebulous primary processing pathway that converts these into thousands of 24-30 nucleotide (nt) piRNAs. How these transcripts are selected as precursors is not known. Here we show that targeting a transcript with PIWI slicer activity of cysosolic Ago3 is sufficient to trigger ~30-nt waves of non-overlapping primary piRNAs in the fly ovarian germline. The generated primary piRNAs are almost exclusively loaded into the nuclear PIWI protein, Piwi. In the fly ovarian somatic environment we find that an RNA fragment from the 5′ end of a piRNA cluster is able to direct a heterologous sequence into primary processing. This piRNA trigger sequence (PTS) element drives generation of overlapping piRNAs from the transcript. Both mechanisms proceed with general 5′-3′ directionality. We propose that the former pathway serves to link cytoplasmic silencing of a target to nuclear transcriptional repression, while the latter extracts silencing information from a wide variety of genomic sources including piRNA clusters, select protein coding and transposon transcripts.

2015-07-09 | GSE69102 | GEO

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