Highly Potent and Selective Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Lymphoid Malignancies
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE63029 | GEO | 2015/11/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA266478
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Pathologic activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway underlies various human disorders such as autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases and lymphoid malignancies. Current therapy of these diseases relies on immunosuppressive or chemotherapeutic agents, but more effective therapeutics tailored to disease-causing mechanisms are needed. Pivotal to TLR signaling is the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), which is recruited to TLRs by the adaptor protein MyD88. Recruitment of IRAK kinases to MyD88, triggers the formation of a signaling competent myddosome complex, which underlies the pathogenesis of many immuno-inflammatory disorders, suggesting that IRAK4 inhibitors might be useful in the treatment of these diseases. Gain-of-function MYD88 mutations activate IRAK4 in several mature B cell malignancies, including activated B-cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL). Development of selective IRAK4 inhibitors has been confounded by the challenging structure of the IRAK4 catalytic domain. Using structure-based drug design methodologies, we identified potent and selective IRAK4 inhibitors. These small molecules suppress LPS-induced TNFalpha production in vitro and in vivo, and are efficacious in mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis and MyD88-dependent inflammatory gout. Human ABC DLBCL cell lines that harbor the activating, oncogenic MyD88 L265P mutation are killed by IRAK4 inhibitors, both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. IRAK4 inhibitors synergize with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, with the Syk inhibitor PRT062607, and with the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199 in killing ABC DLBCL cells, suggesting new therapeutic strategies for this refractory cancer. Four ABC DLBCL cell lines (OCI-Ly10, TMD8, HBL1 and OCI-Ly3), were treated with either ND-2158 or the structurally related negative control compound ND-1659 for 6, 12, 24 or 36 h in culture. Gene expression profiling was performed using two-color human Agilent 4x44K gene expression arrays comparing signal from control compound-treated (ND-1659) control cells (Cy3), to cells treated with ND-2158 for the indicated times (Cy5).
2015-11-01 | E-GEOD-63029 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most frequent gain-of-function mutations target MyD88, a signaling adapter for Tolllike receptors (TLRs). The most prevalent oncogenic mutant, MyD88 L265P, occurs in 29% of cases and is the most active in engaging the NF-kappaB pathway. Here we show that MyD88 mutants do not function autonomously, but rather require TLR7, TLR9, and to a lesser extent, TLR4 to promote the survival of ABC DLBCL cells. Unlike wild type MyD88, MyD88 mutants associate constitutively with TLR7 and TLR9 in ABC DLBCL cells. Like ligand-induced TLR7/9 signaling in normal immune cells, the survival of ABC DLBCL cell lines depends upon translocation of TLR7 and TLR9 to acidic endolysosomes, where proteolytic processing of their ligand binding ectodomains is required for their oncogenic signaling. ABC DLBCL viability also depends upon CD14, a co-receptor for TLR7 and TLR9 that promotes engagement of nucleic acid ligands by these receptors. Point mutations in the TLR7 or TLR9 ectodomains that abrogate ligand binding and/or signaling were incapable of sustaining ABC DLBCL survival. An inhibitory oligonucleotide that suppresses TLR9 responses in normal B cells blocked NF-kappaB signaling and survival of ABC DLBCL lines. Together, these data suggest that an endogenous TLR ligand may play a pathogenic role in ABC DLBCL and provide a rationale for targeting TLR signaling to improve therapy of this aggressive lymphoma. Gene expression was analyzed using Agilent human 2-color 4X44K oligo gene expression arrays. Cell line, TMD8 ABC-DLBCL, was infected with control (shControl, Cy3), shLTR7 (Cy5) or shLTR9 (Cy5) and changes in gene expression were monitored on day 1 and day 2 after induction of the shRNA with doxycycline, co-hybridizing control and experimental samples (Cy3+Cy5), for a total of 4 arrays.
2014-05-21 | E-GEOD-47147 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most frequent gain-of-function mutations target MyD88, a signaling adapter for Tolllike receptors (TLRs). The most prevalent oncogenic mutant, MyD88 L265P, occurs in 29% of cases and is the most active in engaging the NF-kappaB pathway. Here we show that MyD88 mutants do not function autonomously, but rather require TLR7, TLR9, and to a lesser extent, TLR4 to promote the survival of ABC DLBCL cells. Unlike wild type MyD88, MyD88 mutants associate constitutively with TLR7 and TLR9 in ABC DLBCL cells. Like ligand-induced TLR7/9 signaling in normal immune cells, the survival of ABC DLBCL cell lines depends upon translocation of TLR7 and TLR9 to acidic endolysosomes, where proteolytic processing of their ligand binding ectodomains is required for their oncogenic signaling. ABC DLBCL viability also depends upon CD14, a co-receptor for TLR7 and TLR9 that promotes engagement of nucleic acid ligands by these receptors. Point mutations in the TLR7 or TLR9 ectodomains that abrogate ligand binding and/or signaling were incapable of sustaining ABC DLBCL survival. An inhibitory oligonucleotide that suppresses TLR9 responses in normal B cells blocked NF-kappaB signaling and survival of ABC DLBCL lines. Together, these data suggest that an endogenous TLR ligand may play a pathogenic role in ABC DLBCL and provide a rationale for targeting TLR signaling to improve therapy of this aggressive lymphoma.
2014-05-21 | GSE47147 | GEO
Project description:The ABC subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains the least curable form of this lymphoma despite recent advances in therapy. We have combined structural and functional genomics to triangulate on new oncogenic mechanisms and devise new therapeutic strategies. RNA interference screen revealed a dependence of ABC DLBCL cell lines on MYD88 and IRAK1. High throughput resequencing of RNA (RNA-Seq) revealed frequent somatic mutations in MYD88 that preferentially occurred in the ABC DLBCL subtype. Remarkably, one third of ABC DLBCL tumor samples harbored the same amino acid substitution, L265P, in the MYD88 TIR domain at an evolutionarily invariant residue in its hydrophobic core. This mutation was rare or absent in two other DLBCL subtypes, but was observed in 9% of MALT lymphomas. At a lower frequency, multiple other mutations were observed in the MYD88 TIR domain, occurring in both the ABC and GCB subtypes of DLBCL. Survival of ABC DLBCL lines bearing the L265P mutation was sustained by the mutant but not wild type MYD88 isoform, demonstrating that this MYD88 mutant is oncogenic and gain-of-function. The MYD88 L265P mutant assembled a protein complex that spontaneous triggers the phosphorylation of IRAK1, leading to NF-kB signaling, secretion of the cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-b, and JAK kinase signaling. These findings demonstrate that the MYD88 signaling pathway is integral to the pathogenesis of ABC DLBCL, providing a genetic rationale for therapeutic targeting of the MYD88 signaling pathway in this lymphoma subtype. To generate a gene expression signature of MYD88 signaling in ABC DLBCL, the HBL-1 cell line was transduced with retroviral vectors expressing either shMYD88-4 or shMYD88-7. Following puromycin selection, shRNA expression was induced for 24 or 48 hours and gene expression was measured, comparing uninduced (Cy3) to induced (Cy5) cells, using genome-wide Agilent 4x44K oligonucleotide microarrays. A signature of NF-kB signaling in ABC DLBCL was generated by treating HBL-1 cells with the IkB kinase beta inhibitor MLN120B for 2h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 16h, and 24h (Cy5), and comparing their gene expression to untreated cells (Cy3). A signature of JAK signaling in ABC DLBCL was generated by treating HBL-1 cells with JAK inhibitor I (5 micromolar; Calbiochem) for 2h, 4h, 6h, and 8h (Cy5) and comparing their gene expression to vehicle-treated cells (DMSO, Cy3). RNA-Seq data not provided.
2010-12-30 | E-GEOD-22900 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:B cell receptor (BCR) signaling has emerged as a therapeutic target in B cell lymphomas, but the precise deployment of inhibitors to target oncogenic BCR signaling requires detailed knowledge of the signaling cascades that the BCR triggers in individual tumors. Here, we have used CRISPR-Cas9 screens to investigate whether the ABC and GCB molecular subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) utilize distinct BCR signaling modes to sustain their proliferation and survival. Constitutive germinal center (GC) BCR signaling in GCB DLBCLs requires the BCR, CD19 and SYK engaging PI(3) kinase for survival. In ABC DLBCLs with oncogenic mutations in the BCR and MYD88, a novel BCR-TLR9-MYD88 signaling supercomplex is assembled on endolysosomal membranes that engages NF-kB. Our data explain why this subset of ABC DLBCL tumors respond frequently to ibrutinib, an inhibitor of BCR-dependent NF- kB activation, while GCB DLBCLs are insensitive, and thus provide a roadmap for the rational development of BCR pathway inhibitors in molecular subtypes of DLBCL.
2018-05-01 | GSE99276 | GEO
Project description:IRAK4 kinase plays a critical role in innate immune responses and inflammation by modulating the TLR/IL-1R signaling pathway, yet the mechanism by which it regulates downstream pathways and transcription factors to induce inflammatory cytokines is unclear. IRAK4 can mediate signaling events by mechanisms both dependent and independent of its kinase activity. Understanding this regulation is important for deciphering the role of IRAK4 and for the development of treatments for inflammatory diseases and cancer. Through transcriptomic and biochemical analyses of primary human monocytes treated with a highly potent and selective inhibitor of IRAK4, we show that IRAK4 kinase activity controls the transcription factor IRF5 which in turn induces inflammatory cytokine and type I interferon transcription in myeloid cells. We also show that IRAK4 kinase activity does not control activation of NF-κB. Following TLR stimulation, translocation of IRF5, but not NF-κB, to the nucleus in human monocytes is abolished by IRAK4 kinase inhibition. In addition, binding of IRF5, but not NF-κB p65, to promoters of inflammatory target genes (TNF-α and IP10) is blocked with an IRAK4 kinase inhibitor. IKKβ, a known activator of IRF5, is phosphorylated in response to TLR mediated signaling, and inhibition of IRAK4 kinase blocks IKKβ phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition of IKKβ and TAK1, the upstream kinase of IKKβ, in human monocytes blocks IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine production, as well as IRF5 translocation to the nucleus. Taken together, our data suggest a novel mechanism by which IRAK4 kinase activity regulates TAK1 and IKKβ activation, leading to the translocation of IRF5 and induction of inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes.
2017-10-12 | GSE86234 | GEO
Project description:The ABC subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains the least curable form of this lymphoma despite recent advances in therapy. We have combined structural and functional genomics to triangulate on new oncogenic mechanisms and devise new therapeutic strategies. RNA interference screen revealed a dependence of ABC DLBCL cell lines on MYD88 and IRAK1. High throughput resequencing of RNA (RNA-Seq) revealed frequent somatic mutations in MYD88 that preferentially occurred in the ABC DLBCL subtype. Remarkably, one third of ABC DLBCL tumor samples harbored the same amino acid substitution, L265P, in the MYD88 TIR domain at an evolutionarily invariant residue in its hydrophobic core. This mutation was rare or absent in two other DLBCL subtypes, but was observed in 9% of MALT lymphomas. At a lower frequency, multiple other mutations were observed in the MYD88 TIR domain, occurring in both the ABC and GCB subtypes of DLBCL. Survival of ABC DLBCL lines bearing the L265P mutation was sustained by the mutant but not wild type MYD88 isoform, demonstrating that this MYD88 mutant is oncogenic and gain-of-function. The MYD88 L265P mutant assembled a protein complex that spontaneous triggers the phosphorylation of IRAK1, leading to NF-kB signaling, secretion of the cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-b, and JAK kinase signaling. These findings demonstrate that the MYD88 signaling pathway is integral to the pathogenesis of ABC DLBCL, providing a genetic rationale for therapeutic targeting of the MYD88 signaling pathway in this lymphoma subtype.
2010-12-30 | GSE22900 | GEO
Project description:A subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), termed activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL, depends on constitutive NF-kB pathway signaling for survival. Small molecule inhibitors of IkB kinase b (IKKb), a key regulator of the NF-kB pathway, kill ABC DLBCL cells and hold promise for the treatment of this lymphoma type. We conducted an RNA interference genetic screen to investigate potential mechanisms of resistance of ABC DLBCL cells to IKKb inhibitors. We screened a library of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting 500 protein kinases for shRNAs that would kill an ABC DLBCL cell line in the presence of a small molecule IKKb inhibitor more effectively than in its absence. Two independent shRNAs targeting IKKa synergized with the IKKb inhibitor to kill three different ABC DLBCL cell lines but were not toxic by themselves. Surprisingly, IKKa shRNAs blocked the classical rather than the alternative NF-kB pathway in ABC DLBCL cells, as judged by inhibition of IkBa phosphorylation. IKKa shRNA toxicity was reversed by coexpression of wild type but not kinase inactive forms of IKKa, suggesting that IKKa may directly phosphorylate IkBa under conditions of IKKb inhibition. These results suggest that therapy for ABC DLBCL may be improved by targeting both IKKa and IKKb. Keywords: compound treatment design Gene expression profiling of OCI-Ly3 cells with or without expressing IKKa shRNA in the presence or absence of 12.5 uM IKKb inhibitor for 2 and 3 days. Four samples were analyzed.
2009-06-01 | E-GEOD-11902 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:JAK kinases classically signal by activating STAT transcription factors, but can also regulate gene expression by epigenetically phosphorylating histone H3 on tyrosine 41 (H3Y41-P). In diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), JAK signaling is a feature of the ABC subtype and is triggered by autocrine production of IL-6 and IL-10. Whether this signaling involves STAT activation, epigenetic modification of chromatin or both mechanisms is unknown. Here we use genetic and pharmacological inhibition to show that JAK1 signaling sustains the survival of ABC DLBCL cells. While STAT3 contributed to the survival of ABC DLBCL cell lines, forced STAT3 activity could not protect these cells from death following JAK1 inhibition, suggesting epigenetic JAK1 action. JAK1 regulated the expression of nearly 3,000 genes in ABC DLBCL cells, and the chromatin surrounding many of these genes was modified by H3Y41-P marks that were diminished by JAK1 inhibition. These JAK1 epigenetic target genes encode important regulators of ABC DLBCL proliferation and survival, including IRF4, MYD88 and MYC. A small molecule JAK1 inhibitor cooperated with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib in reducing IRF4 levels and acted synergistically to kill ABC DLBCL cells, suggesting that this combination should be evaluated in clinical trials.
2017-02-08 | GSE86264 | GEO
Project description:JAK kinases classically signal by activating STAT transcription factors, but can also regulate gene expression by epigenetically phosphorylating histone H3 on tyrosine 41 (H3Y41-P). In diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), JAK signaling is a feature of the ABC subtype and is triggered by autocrine production of IL-6 and IL-10. Whether this signaling involves STAT activation, epigenetic modification of chromatin or both mechanisms is unknown. Here we use genetic and pharmacological inhibition to show that JAK1 signaling sustains the survival of ABC DLBCL cells. While STAT3 contributed to the survival of ABC DLBCL cell lines, forced STAT3 activity could not protect these cells from death following JAK1 inhibition, suggesting epigenetic JAK1 action. JAK1 regulated the expression of nearly 3,000 genes in ABC DLBCL cells, and the chromatin surrounding many of these genes was modified by H3Y41-P marks that were diminished by JAK1 inhibition. These JAK1 epigenetic target genes encode important regulators of ABC DLBCL proliferation and survival, including IRF4, MYD88 and MYC. A small molecule JAK1 inhibitor cooperated with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib in reducing IRF4 levels and acted synergistically to kill ABC DLBCL cells, suggesting that this combination should be evaluated in clinical trials.
2017-02-08 | GSE86265 | GEO